The Importance of Marriage - 1887 Words

Running head: MARRIAGE AS AN INSTITUTION The Importance of Marriage Ana Vertz PS301 Mrs. Kathy Erickson August 30, 2009 The Importance of Marriage From Colonial times to present marriage has been an integral part of American culture. The importance is has been evident in that it is one of the few institutions that started with the country and is still very popular. What makes marriage an important institution? This paper will discuss the perceptions of the importance of marriage for men and women, children’s influence in the marriage relationship, the links between psychological distress and martial conflict, attitude towards same sex marriages and the effects of cohabitation and marriage commitment. The first section of this paper†¦show more content†¦These speculations are at least partially reinforced by some research that does suggest men expect to benefit more from marriage than do women. The analyses of shifting attitudes make it plausible that men place more importance on marriage than women. While most people believe that the married are happier than those who are not married, this belief is more likely to be held by men than women (Axinn and Thornton 2000). Indeed, women are more likely to disagree than men that it is better to be married than single (Thornton and Young-DeMArco 2001). These gender differences suggest that women, at least, are less sure that marriage is important, and they are likely to be thinking more about their own situation as women than about men’s. Therefore, we expect that in the 1990’s, men and women will see marriage as more necessary for men than women. These considerations, together with the paucity of research that addr esses the question of who needs to be married more, men or women, motivate our research (Kaufman and Goldscheider, 2007). The above referenced article shows evidence that the more learned put off marriage, have less children and view family roles as less important. (This is based in relation to expectations to themselves and their children living in early adulthood). Spiritual or religious associations have also been connected across a vast array of family domains with grater support for the family. TheseShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Importance of Marriage1017 Words   |  5 Pages The Importance of Marriage Many people think that a wedding in a church is important so that the people getting married are under the eyes of God and he will give then the love and guidance against things like marital breakdown and to give the couple the love and support for each other . The love of man and woman is made holy in the sacrament of marriage, and becomes the mirror of your everlastingRead MoreEssay on The Importance of Communication in Marriage2213 Words   |  9 PagesThroughout the last half of the century, our society has watched the divorce rate of married couples skyrocket to numbers previously not seen. Although their has been a slight decline in divorce rates, â€Å"half of first marriages still were expected to dissolve before death.† (Stacy, 15, 1991) Whatever happened to that meaningful exchange of words, â€Å"until death do us part,† uttered by the bride and groom to each other on their wedding day? 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If the various couples in this story communicated openly and honestly with each other, the ensuing problems wouldRead MoreThe Importance of Marriage, Heterosexual and Homosexual Essay1215 Words   |  5 PagesAs a society, somewhere we have lost the importance of marriage. It seems that we have forgotten how important a marriage is not only to our families, but also to our communities. We are depriving our children and our communities of the structure, and stability that they desperately need by choosing to live together, and start families without marrying. We are also doing this by denying some members of our community the right to have a healthy marri age at all. Our children are being denied the sustenanceRead MoreThe Importance Of Marriage Preparation And Premarital Counseling Essay734 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"The importance of marriage preparation and premarital counseling has increased in the United States as the divorce rate continues to remain high.† (Larson et. al., 2002 p.233) Marital dysfunction and dissatisfaction are among the top reasons couples have sought out divorce. With the rate of divorce rising, it poses a question what marriage and family therapists can do to help lower the divorce rates and help couples develop healthier relationships. †¨ Premarital prevention programs were implementedRead MoreEssay on The Importance of Communication In Marriage1833 Words   |  8 Pagesprevious marriage can cause severe friction and tension in the marriage if reassurances and care are not provided by one partner to the other (Guisinger 447). While jealousy of a prior spouse or concerns over children from a p revious marriage can be at the root of the problems, other issues that are closely intertwined with such problems are that of self image and self esteem problems of one or both of the spouses. Communicating these issues and finding resolutions for them before the marriage even beginsRead MoreThe Importance of Marriage in Pride and Prejudice Essay953 Words   |  4 PagesJane Austin ensures that marriage remains a central component to the main plotline throughout the novel. Through the use of Elizabeth as a literary tool, Austen is able to use her in order to portray her own feelings on marriage. In the novel, the opinion that comes through is that she is of the opinion that marriage should only take place on the basis of love. This is evident through the failings of those who marry for something other than love, and Darcy and Elizabeth’s success. The centralRead MoreThe Importance Of Interpersonal Communication For Having A Healthy Marriage1611 Words   |  7 Pagesstar ting any new relationship. Communication becomes vital in continuing and maintaining these relationships.The concepts are based on the importance of interpersonal communication for having a healthy marriage. Our body language and spoken words often get read the wrong way which sometimes has a negative impact on our relationship. Many times you hear that marriage changes the relationship in part because communication and other attributes fall to the wayside, â€Å"about 40 to 50 percent of married couples

The Statement Of Teaching Philosophy - 1240 Words

Statement of Teaching Philosophy Michael Robb, Ph.D. January 2015 Undergraduates in introductory psychology courses are often fascinated by the unique experiments and observations that reveal insights into human nature. It can be challenging, but also more rewarding, to help students understand the theories that try to make sense out of research. However, when students are able to understand psychological and educational theory, they are better able to construct the story of the human experience from birth through adulthood. As a teacher, the value and excitement lies in connecting the research and theory to students’ own lives, and to their professional development. To the extent that my teaching supports content knowledge, but also an†¦show more content†¦In my experience, I have noticed two types of people who work in children’s media: the producers, who create the product, and the educational and psychological advisers, who guide using their academic background. However, there are very few people who do both. In my opinio n, this disconnect hurts the product and lessens its impact on the desired audience – children, families, and teachers. My work history has been a journey exploring how to integrate and apply my academic background in ways that positively impact people’s lives, and it is why being an effective teacher means more than just equipping students with information. I believe it is vital to purposefully and thoughtfully connect coursework with practical applications, and equip students with the intellectual tools to foster critical thinking and life-long learning. These tools, rather than specific facts, are increasingly important and valuable in the job market and for later life success, where new information can rapidly alter how we understand scientific data. Many students graduate college without these tools, and I believe these individuals are dramatically limited in their ability to participate in, and with, the dynamic pace of modern society. On the other hand, students with these intellectual resources are prepared to not only participate in, but play

Higher Education System in England and Australia

Question: A. Compare and contrast the primary education system in England/the UK with that of ONE country of your choice. B. Compare and contrast the secondary education system in England/the UK with that of ONE country of your choice.C. Compare and contrast the higher education system in England/The UK with that of ONE country of your choice. Answer: Introduction The education system of a country is generally divided into three parts, such as primary, secondary and higher education system. The primary and secondary education systems are the base of any tertiary education system in any of the countries and has a lot of importance in the entire education system of the country. The higher education system in England is generally split into two levels undergraduate programs and postgraduate programs. Some of the undergraduate programs in England are higher national diplomas, bachelors degrees and foundation degrees. Some of the postgraduate programs in England are doctorates, PhDs and masters degrees. The educational institutes in the higher education system of England include various universities, colleges, business schools and specialist institutions. The higher education system in Australia also consists of a number of bachelors degrees, masters degrees, PhDs and doctorates among a number of other programs. The educational institutions in the higher education system of Australia consists of 43 universities including 40 Australian universities, one private specialty university and two international universities. The higher education system in Australia is more innovative and collaborative, which puts it apart from the education system in England having similar policies (Gale, 2013). Higher education system in England and Australia The funding of the higher education system has a significant impact on the quality of the education along with the performance of the educational institutions in the corresponding system. Both the countries have been targeted for criticism for the funding of their higher education system and have been suggested to learn from each others mistakes. Some time back Deakin Universitys Jane Den Hollander stated that the recent changes in terms of cuts to the funding of Australian higher education system will have a catastrophic negative impact in terms of inability of the students to afford the high fees, cuts in the academic salaries, increase in the debts on the education loans and possible increase in job losses (Tight, 2012). The deregulation of the tuition fees in the Australian higher education system has led the universities to be in a price competition. The current funding for the higher education system in England is also deregulated, where almost all the universities charge the f ull 9,000 maximum fee for various programs (Stephenson, 2013). Another factor for comparing the higher education systems in England and Australia is the innovations implemented in the universities in the higher education system and the system itself. Both the countries have similar policies for their higher education system such as the maximum cap for the tuition fees for various higher education programs as the governments of both the countries try to mimic the educational policies from each other (Lozano, 2013). There have been a number of comparisons done in a number of platforms over time, between the higher education system in England and Australia. Such a comparison was made in The Guardian, which published an interactive timeline to show which of the educational systems implemented which innovative solution first (Shaw, 2014). This timeline shows that the Australian government was quicker to implement various innovative solutions in the higher education system and the education system in England has followed a few of the policies implemen ted in Australias education system (Bhandari, 2013). Collaboration among the universities in the higher education system of a country is another factor for comparing the education systems of the two countries. A number of surveys and researches have been done to determine the collaboration among the universities in the corresponding higher education systems. An article in The Guardian showed a perceptive comparison of the research collaboration capabilities of both the higher education systems. The author of the article, Simon Marginson is a professional associate in the University of Melbourne in Australia along with his employment at the Institute of Education in UK as a professor. This article focused on the recent strengthening of the relationship of Australia with various Asian countries (Marginson, 2016). This report also mentions the lack of research collaboration of the institutions in England with various Asian countries such as China and Singapore. The report stresses on the point that the high research collaboration of the Australian universities with that of the Asian countries, is setting the Australian higher education system at a higher level than that of Englands (Altbach, 2015). Conclusion The essay analyzed the higher education system of Australia and England with each other in terms of a number of factors. Australias higher education policies have the universities caught in a price competition, which has made the costs of higher education to be more in Australia than that of England. A number of researches have proved that the higher education system in Australia is first to implement various innovative solutions and has more research collaboration with the Asian countries than Englands higher education system. All of these comparisons between both the higher education system define them to be quite similar. The education system in Australia seems a bit more effective than that of Englands because of the higher exposure into innovation and strong relationship with the fast-growing countries across the world (Hazelkorn, 2015). This in turn allows the students of the higher education system in Australia to have a lot of opportunities for yield more value from various i nnovative policies along with the collaboration with the international students for researches. The funding structure of the higher education system of England can be restructured through a number of careful policies and changes. The fee structure can be regularized to increase the effectiveness of the higher education programs and the students could be provided with lenient education loans from various government bodies in order to enhance the popularity and strength of the higher education system of England (Amaral, 2013). References Altbach, P., 2015. Perspectives on internationalizing higher education. International Higher Education, (27). Amaral, A., Jones, G.A. and Karseth, B. eds., 2013. Governing higher education: National perspectives on institutional governance (Vol. 2). Springer Science Business Media. Bhandari, R. and Blumenthal, P., 2013. International students and global mobility in higher education: National trends and new directions. International Studies, 1(11), pp.316-317. Gale, T. and Parker, S., 2013. Widening participation in Australia in higher education. Hazelkorn, E., 2015. Rankings and the reshaping of higher education: The battle for world-class excellence. Springer. Lozano, R., Lukman, R., Lozano, F.J., Huisingh, D. and Lambrechts, W., 2013. Declarations for sustainability in higher education: becoming better leaders, through addressing the university system. Journal of Cleaner Production, 48, pp.10-19. Marginson, S. 2016 Links with china: Why Australian universities are leading the way. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/higher-education-network/blog/2014/jul/07/australian-uk-universities-links-china (Accessed: 8 August 2016). Shaw, C. 2014 Higher education policy in the UK and Australia who did what first? View our timeline to find out. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/higher-education-network/blog/ng-interactive/2014/jul/09/higher-education-policy-in-the-uk-and-australia-who-did-what-first-view-our-timeline-to-find-out (Accessed: 8 August 2016). Stephenson, J. and Yorke, M., 2013. Capability and quality in higher education. Routledge. Tight, M., 2012. Researching higher education. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).

Own Informatione Products Essays - Publishing, Typesetting

Own Informatione Products CREATE YOUR OWN INFORMATION PRODUCTS! Millions and millions of full sized books and small booklets are sold each year. Most are produced by the large publishing houses. However, there are also several million books sold every year by small, unassuming, one-person publishing companies. Many of these one-person publishers operate from a home-based office. And, surprisingly, some home-based publishers earn excellent incomes. (What's more, some are even becoming very rich.) In this report you'll learn how to succeed as a home-based publisher, producing books, booklets, reports and manuals on nearly every subject imaginable. And, if you have no desire to write your own material, you'll learn how to get authors to write for you. Many authors have chosen to by-pass the usual publishing routes and, instead, self-publish their own books. Admittedly, this requires more work, but it could also mean more profits. There are many reasons authors decide to self-publish, including: 1. It's very difficult to get a manuscript accepted by the giant publishing houses, unless you are a personality in some field, or are already a successful author. 2. Often, the large publishing companies will want to edit a manuscript in such a manner that is unacceptable to the author. 3. Often, the author can market his own book more effectively than a large publisher will. This is especially true if the material is of a non- fiction or of how-to nature. 4. Self publishing allows the author to keep all of the profits. 5. There is plenty of opportunity for the author/self- publisher to set up other profit center products that are related to the topic of the book. So, as you can see, there are many compelling reasons why thousands of authors have chosen to self-publish. Also, the availability of low cost microcomputers have made self-publishing much easier than in past years. This report will give you a step- by- step approach to self-publishing your own book. Note: this report is not about writing. It is assumed that you will write your own booklets, or hire a ghostwriter to do the job for you. So the following information will focus only on the steps you need to take to succeed (make money) as a self- publisher. HOW IT WORKS AND HOW TO DO IT STEP-BY-STEP (1) Generate book ideas and proposals, either your own or by hiring authors/ghostwriters. (2) Evaluate these ideas and proposals as to the feasibility of producing a valued book, and reaching a large group of prospective customers. (3) Evaluate the size of the market and determine how you'll reach that market. Also, research any competitive books. (4) Consider various related products that you could sell to the people who buy your book. (5) Write and edit the book, pay royalties to an author, or hire a ghostwriter to do it for you. (6) Produce a camera-ready copy for the printer. (7) Begin your marketing effort by designing ads and brochures. (Often, this step comes before, or during, writing the book. Your sales material can give you something to live up to.) (8) Launch a full scale marketing and publicity campaign. (A full-scale roll-out should follow a test marketing campaign. You want to make certain you have a truly salable product, and should spend little money to test the waters.) (9) Get printing quotes and have the final version of the book ready to print and bind as soon as you're sure there will be sufficient sales to warrant these costs. (10) Sell follow-up products to your customers. All of these steps can be carried out quickly. You could easily have a fast-selling book on the market within 6 months, or less. SELECTING A TOPIC The best, and easiest, subjects for self-publishers to produce are of the how to genre. Books, reports and manuals that tell readers how to do something are among the liveliest sellers. It's very difficult for a small publisher to be successful with novels, or poetry books. So this report will focus on how to books. However, you can apply many of the techniques discussed here to market other kinds of books as well. To begin, you should publish material on topics which you are most familiar. You should also have a market targeted and a plan for reaching that market. Example: you may have in mind to produce a book about how to make money with crafts -- to be sold in small craft shops, craft fairs, craft magazines and through direct mail to people who make craft items. It's not necessary for you to be an expert on a topic if you aren't writing the book yourself. But you do need to be knowledgeable enough to evaluate the book proposals that

E Government Model Of Public Service Social Policy Essay Example

E Government Model Of Public Service Social Policy Essay E-Government theoretical account through ICT of public service bringing was started in South Africa first clip, for the preferable as channel for citizen-centered service bringing. It means to supply quality services to the citizens of its state. In this paper we will analyze the function of E-government within developing state in the South Africa with the aid of instance survey. First of all we will see what is E-government? E-Government E-Government ( short for electronic authorities, besides known as digital authorities, on-line authorities or transformational authorities ) is a diffused neology used to mention to the usage of information and communicating engineering to supply and better authorities services, minutess and interactions with citizens, concerns, and other weaponries of authorities. Delivery theoretical accounts and activities of e-Government We will write a custom essay sample on E Government Model Of Public Service Social Policy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on E Government Model Of Public Service Social Policy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on E Government Model Of Public Service Social Policy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The primary bringing theoretical accounts of e-Government can be divided into: Government-to-Citizen or Government-to-Customer ( G2C ) Government-to-Business ( G2B ) Government-to-Government ( G2G ) Government-to-Employees ( G2E ) Within each of these interaction spheres, four sorts of activities take topographic point: Pushing information over the Internet, e.g. regulative services, general vacations, public hearing agendas, issue Jockey shortss, presentments, etc. Bipartisan communications between the bureau and the citizen, a concern, or another authorities bureau. In this theoretical account, users can prosecute in duologue with bureaus and station jobs, remarks, or petitions to the bureau. Conducting minutess, e.g. lodging revenue enhancement returns, using for services and grants. These types of activities may be performed but non may be that all activities are performed by all the states. Some have greater but some have less Chiefly intent of presenting this theoretical account is to direct entree to the Government. So better the efficiency of public services bringing in South Africa. This theoretical account is based on instance survey research, focused on one of the authoritiess primary service bringing programmes societal grants, as mentioned in instance survey. South African Social Security Agency ( SASSA ) was established as an extension of authorities bringing arm that administers the bringing of societal grants to the poorest of the hapless in South Africa. SASSA s Vision and mission is aligned with several Batho Pele rules. Batho Pele which literally means people foremost . Introduction of this Model Batho Pele A ; Public Service Delivery in South Africa. Batho Pele is South Africa s constitutionally mandated public service bringing doctrine. This theoretical account ensures that all the citizens can keep public retainers accountable for the degrees of service receive from authorities. The expected transmutation in service bringing is better comprehended on the contemplation that South Africa has merely been a Democratic state since 1994. Here we look into background of this theoretical account. The way of service bringing transmutation officially began in 1995 with the release of the White Paper on the Transformation of Public Service. The WPTPS established the institutional model that could steer the debut of new policies and the execution of the new constitutional authorizations. It was shortly followed in 1997 by the White Paper on Transforming Public Service Delivery, labeled as the Batho Pele White Paper. The Batho Pele White Paper specifically aimed at advancing incorporate and seamless public service bringing. This was on the footing of the Batho Pele doctrine. Batho Pele advocates nine rules to steer public Servants ; Consultation with citizens Puting service criterions Increasing entree to information Guaranting courtesy Supplying information openness and Transparency damages and value for money. On the other manus South Africa, through its Center of Public Service Innovation ( CPSI ) , places important Importance to initiatives to transform authorities s manner of working through ICT a impression normally known as E-government / e-governance. E-Government A ; E-Governance The footings e-government and e-governance are frequently used to depict a authorities s usage of Information and Communication Technology ( ICT ) to render services to its citizens. There is a argument in research community about these two footings of E-government and E-governance. E-governance can be defined as the usage of emerging information and communicating engineerings to ease the procedures of authorities and public disposal E-government can be defined as the usage of Information engineering to back up authorities operations, engage citizens, and supply authorities services . In the definition of e-governance, we see that it focuses on the usage of ICT to help the disposal and direction of Government. On other manus in the definition of e-government we see that it focuses on the usage of ICT to supply the services in the support of authorities operations for the public service bringing of people of that state. The dominant theoretical accounts for e-government find their roots in public direction theoretical accounts and e-business theoretical accounts. While research workers of e authorities differ on the rights, privileges and duties of clients, clients and Citizens. They by and large concur that e-government move through phases to make adulthood. Notwithstanding, the successful enterprises are difficult to come by. This realisation led to the really of import and implicit in concern: are authorities ICT technological inventions adhering to the rules of people first , so to state, are the authorities ICT technological inventions enabling the betterment of service bringing in South Africa? This instance survey besides tells us about the apprehension by concentrating on the authorities bureau duties for one of the cardinal service bringing plans the South African Social Security Agency, SASSA. A instance survey of a authorities section, the South African Social Security Agency ( SASSA ) , was adopted investigate the phenomenon of e-government will be studied in the context of Batho Pele. Since the each authorities service is measured against the same rules that are defined in Batho Pele. Applicability of this theoretical account can be drawn to other authorities units. In this instance analyze the information was collected by different ways, through structured face-to-face and telephonic interviews with people involved in presenting an ICT system to the concern units of the South African Social Security Agency ( SASSA ) . Pros/Advantages/Merits of this Model Any thing is non perfect in this universe except God. So every theoretical account is holding both features of virtues and demerits. Similarly here we are utilizing the E-government theoretical account which was used in South Africa for public service bringing. We know that it is really hapless state and non so developed. So many South Africans do non hold direct attack to public services which are supplied by the Government as stated in the instance survey. Following may be the major advantages of this theoretical account. Equally distribution of services Batho Pele aims to administer the services every bit among the populace. Not any distinction on the footing of race, gender, citizen, distance etc. its mean that every one has right every bit of public services . Access to information This theoretical account besides explains that the citizen has easy entree to the information about the Government public presentation and other activities so there may be answerability in such a mode. Quality services Access to information services empowers citizens and creates value for money, quality services. Decrease of Unnecessary outgo. When there will be e-government so easy information available about every thing of authorities and authorities establishment. It reduces unneeded outgo for the citizens. Questions that can by and large be answered during the interview can go around around what ICT enterprises are being used to increase the handiness of the service or merchandise and how accessible these enterprises are to communities who do nt hold the needed ICT substructure. Supplying information Availability of information with respects to merchandises and services should Not merely be at the service point, but should besides endeavor to increase the handiness of merchandises and services to the populace who are far off from those service points The chief country of focal point would be to increase the Availability of information to the populace who are far off From service points. ICT is used as a concern support tool, and since the concern of authorities is to present a public Service, ICT supports public service. The implementers of these ICT services will therefore be measured against the benchmarks of how good the public service was delivered. Therefore we should hold to carefully analyse the support of usage of ICT within the authorities section or bureau. This sensitiveness would greatly act upon the reading of the text collected during the interviews. Cost effectual It is convenient and cost-efficient for concerns, and the public benefits by acquiring easy entree to the most current information available without holding to pass clip, energy and money to acquire it. E-government helps simplify procedures and makes entree to authorities information more easy accessible for public sector bureaus and citizens. The awaited benefits of e-government include efficiency, improved services, better handiness of public services, and Transparency We see that due to utilize of this theoretical account transparence occurred. Due to the whole connected system through cyberspace engineering, every information is available for all. Accountability Study approved that due to E-government, there is greater answerability on each and every thing because all the information is available to every 1. So public knows the activities of authorities. So there is a answerability on authorities by public and other establishments and citizens. Democratization Through e-government the greater citizen can participation upon political issues. They can link themselves to politicians through cyberspace. This theoretical account gives the more crystalline authorities, leting the electors to see the consequence of their representatives. What they are making and what they are non making in right mode. Public can go more cognizant about the authorities activities and they can do best determination about their hereafter. Speed, efficiency, and convenience E-government allows citizens to interact with computing machines to accomplish aims at any clip and any location, and eliminates the necessity for physical travel to authorities agents sitting behind desks and Windowss. Improved accounting and record maintaining can be noted through cybernation, and information and signifiers can be easy accessed, bing quicker processing clip. Persons with disablements or conditions no longer hold to be nomadic to be active in authorities and can be in the comfort of their ain places. This theoretical account was accepted heartily, the immature people who were non take parting in political issues before but now they are excessively take parting is national degree issues due to e-government. Hazards There are many considerations and possible deductions of implementing and planing e-government, including disintermediation of the authorities and its citizens, impacts on economic, societal, and political factors, exposure to cyber onslaughts, and perturbations to the position quo in these countries. Hyper-surveillance Increased contact between authorities and its citizens goes both ways. Once e-government Begins to develop and go more sophisticated, citizens will be forced to interact electronically with the authorities on a larger graduated table. This could potentially take to a deficiency of privateness for civilians as their authorities obtains more and more information on them. In a worse instance scenario, with so much information being passed electronically between authorities and civilians, a totalitarian-like system could develop. When the authorities has easy entree to countless information on its citizens, personal privateness is lost. Cost Although a colossal sum of money has been spent on the development and execution of e-government, some say it has yielded merely a second-rate merchandise. The results and effects of test Internet-based authoritiess are frequently hard to estimate or unsatisfactory. Lack of secretiveness Although internet-based governmental plans have been criticized for deficiency of dependable privateness policies, surveies have shown that people value prosecution of wrongdoers over personal confidentiality. Ninety per centum of United States grownups O.K. of Internet tracking systems of felons, and 57 per centum are willing to waive some of their personal cyberspace privateness if it leads to the prosecution of felons or terrorists. Inaccessibility An e-government site that provides web entree and support frequently does non offer the possible to make many users including those who live in distant countries, are homebound, have low literacy degrees, exist on poorness line incomes, suffer from chronic unwellness, and are individual parents or older grownups. False sense of transparence and answerability Oppositions of e-government argue that on-line governmental transparence is doubtful because it is maintained by the authoritiess themselves. Information can be added or removed from the public oculus ( i.e. the Internet ) with or without public notice. For illustration, after the World Trade Center in New York City was attacked on September 11, 2001, United States federal functionaries removed a big sum of authorities information from its web sites in the name of national security. This act went comparatively unnoticed by United States citizens. To this twenty-four hours, really few Decision In decision we see that this E-Government theoretical account of public service bringing is really of import, adopted by authorities of South Africa. This theoretical account has advantages every bit good as disadvantages. This theoretical account has advantages of every bit information proviso, quality services, efficiency in public services bringing etc. but it has besides some drawbacks such deficiency of secretiveness, and so many other factors which may harmful for authorities through this system. The usage of e-government as a service bringing enabler will decidedly back up authorities s service betterment doctrine of Batho Pele, therefore seting people foremost. Now a twenty-four hours s engineering has become the every thing really easier, more enlightening, efficiency and cost effectual. Through this theoretical account of ICT can set people foremost, but merely if the usage of ICT is supported by the underlying concern procedures. For e authorities to be effectual, all e-government enterprises in South Africa should be integrated. E-government will merely genuinely be effectual if it is managed from a individual portfolio in authorities, and non from silos within each authorities section. Many other states have adopted this theoretical account such as United States. But degree of using this theoretical account may change. It means some are using higher degree and some states are using less degree of E-Government. In United States E-government theoretical account was used The United States Government under the Bush Administration has created a separate portfolio that manages the execution of e-government. The Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) is developing what it calls the Federal Enterprise Architecture that will pull off the manner in which the United States Government does concern and peculiarly through the usage of e-government ( US Office of Management and Budget, 2007 ) decelerate advancement in implementing a individual portal for Government services. It is clear from the instance survey that South Africa needs a portfolio within its authorities that drives the execution of e-government. This will include policy, statute law and execution criterions. This is where the Office of the Government Chief Information Officer ( OGCIO ) besides plays a function to smooth the advancement of the usage of ICT in Government. Components It consists of three constituents, viz. : ICT Programme Management Government Chief Operations Officer and E-Government Architecture and Integration. The instance survey was focused on merely one country of e-government within the public service of South Africa, viz. the Department of Social Development and its service bringing constituent, the South African Social Security Agency. Similarly there is demand to done this in the other sections of Government of public service bringing. Which are inefficient as compared to others? And guarantee that the usage of ICT is effectual at all authorities sections. It is proposed that there is demand to be studied at sections that come under the deficiency of service bringing similar surveies should be done with Other sections to guarantee that the usage of ICT is effectual at all authorities sections, such as the Department of Home Affairs ( ID book and passport applications ) Department of Transport ( license applications and vehicle enrollments ) South African Revenue services ( revenue enhancement returns ) Mentions: E-Government A ; Public Service Delivery: Enabling ICT to set Peoples First A Case Study from South Africa. By Wikus VISSER and Hossana TWINOMURINZI

week 8 paper a

week 8 paper a week 8 paper a Abstract Science and Medical treatment have always been linked with each other. The evolution of health care in the United States has advanced over the year with research or technological (Shi & Singh, 2015). My paper is going to focus on birth control and how it has affected health care in the U. S. to date. Health care is amazing. Science continues to improve so our health care can advance in different stages. The scientific method along with trial and error demonstrates the advancements that have come into medical care today. My goal is to show you how the Birth Control pill is one of the biggest influences in Medical Care and the insurance industry today. The Significant Event Birth control or contraception, endearingly dubbed â€Å"the pill† by the American public made medical and scientific history in 1960. Since its inception the pill has been surrounded by controversy running the gamut from health concerns and moral choice to religious opposition and political-legal issues (Kruvard, 2012). This scientific marvel was introduced to America well before the feminist movement and women’s rights agendas entered the sociopolitical consciousness. Control of pregnancy was an unthinkable concept for many women at the dawn of this technology. No one could have predicted the profound affect this little pill would have on the evolution of health care in American society. Margaret Sanger a nurse and family planning pioneer is credited with development of a magic pill to control fertility. She blamed her mother’s death at age 50 on the 18 pregnancies she endured in life. After receiving funding from women’s rights advocate Katherine McCormick they convinced research scientist Gregory Pincus to explore the possibilities of such a medication. Mr. Pincus developed the first contraceptive, Enovid, from Mexican yams that proved successful in blocking ovulation. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the pill in 1960 (Kruvard, 2012). In 1960 the average American woman married at age 20 and had three to four children. Many women secretly wanted to control the spacing between pregnancies or have fewer children. When used correctly the pill was a 99% effective defense against pregnancy, providing a significant improvement over commonly used reversible forms of birth control such as diaphragms, intrauterine devices (IUD’s), condoms, and the rhythm method. Thus, for the first time in history women found themselves in complete control of reproduction. Access to the technology, however, was no easy feat. Married women faced many barriers to access and unmarried women found it nearly impossible to obtain. Unfortunately, within a year of its approval health concerns were reported, including dizziness, headaches, nausea, and life-threatening blood clots (Kruvard, 2012). The pill changed the entire landscape of women’s health care in the United States (U. S.). Effective contraceptive medicine has been demonize d, vilified, and exalted over the five decades it has been in existence. However, one indisputable fact remains crystal clear; control of contraception has had a major impact on changes in American health care and societal attitudes toward womens’ rights to that control. Historical Evolution of Health Care The impact of contraception on the evolution of American health care is unmistakable. By the 1980s birth control was identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an â€Å"essential medicine,† one that met â€Å"the priority health care needs of the population.† Birth control was deemed a basic health need for women in their reproductive years. In 1955 more than 50% of American women who used birth control relied upon condoms (27%) and diaphragms (25%). A decade later, only five years after the pill was approved the numbers changed drastically, with 27% of American women using the pill, 18% using condoms, and 10% relying on diaphragms. Use of the pill continued to rise so that 36% of American women were using it by 1973

Managing People organisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing People organisation - Essay Example By 2003, Alstom Power Service had belted 13% of the market share of the power generation servicing industry and doubled their operating income from â‚ ¬ 200 million in 1999/2000 to â‚ ¬ million in 2003/4. Alstom Power Service grew from a non-entity to a major revenue earner for Alstom between 1999-2005. During this period after sales, service, provision of spares wing of the company with a workforce of 10000 that was considered a minor add on and low end service to the OEM business bloomed into a powerful arm of the company. The turnaround in the fortunes came by a disciplined and well trained work force meticulously following the strategies and goals laid down by its top management. The PESTLE analysis is a useful tool for understanding risks associated with market growth or decline, and as such the position, potential and direction for a business or organisation. The PESTLE Analysis is often used as a generic orientation tool, finding out where an organisation or product is in the context of what is happening out side that will at some point effect what is happening inside an organisation. The PESTLE Analysis Tool and Template http://www.rapidbi.com/created/the-PESTLE-analysis-tool.html#PESTLEtemplete accessed on ) Political: Alstom Power Service was structured into seven units with five units representing one country only operations. In were separated in six regions where five of them represented five countries and others for global operations. The five units had one core expertise such as gas, steam turbines, and boiler technology. Within two years Alstom Power Service segment represented a global region with all of the units showing mutual interdependence to satisfy core technology needs of the people. With each of its region either operating in many countries of the world, the Alstom Power Service was open to global competition. Headquartered in Paris, it is a French

A history of multicultural America. Questions and answers Essay

A history of multicultural America. Questions and answers - Essay Example The original servants in the Virginia Colony were indentured African servants and indentured White servants who came to the colony intentionally for earning money. However, the African servants that came to the colony were war captives or from enemy tribes (Takaki). Question 2: What is the difference between being an indentured servant and being a slave? Indentured servants were quite different from slaves as they were paid for their work and they worked as free workers bound under some agreement between them and the company for an agreed time period. The slaves were deprived of any rights and salary that were approved for indentured servants (Takaki). Question 3: What angered black American soldiers about the roles that were assigned to them during WWII? During WWII, the Black American soldiers were assigned different roles as compared to White American soldiers, which angered them. The roles were related to labor and non-combating positions. They were regarded unfit for combating due to which, they were assigned labor roles and other odd jobs to perform. Considering discrimination and inequality, they were angered. Even after the war, their testimonies were not collected as they were recorded from White soldiers (Takaki). Question 4: What was the major result of Bacon's Rebellion for blacks? The major result of Bacon’s Rebellion for blacks was increase in black slavery as the farm owners in fear of another rebellion and its aftereffects, started investing in acquiring slaves in place of indentured servants to get rid of any similar issue at all. They turned to Africa for slaves who became their primary source of labor (Takaki). Question 5: What was Thomas Jefferson's attitude toward slavery? How did he treat his own slaves? W hat did he believe should happen to blacks if they were freed from slavery? Jefferson’s attitude towards slavery was incongruous as condemned slavery openly and also had hundreds of slaves working on his plantation. He became the richest person on his land based on the expansion of his cultivated land, buying, and selling of slaves. He had appointed overseers for observing the slaves, their work, and these overseers were allowed to make use of physical violence for making them work. His treatment was cruel that can be noticed in his treatment of Hubbard, his slave who tried to escape. According to Jefferson, black slaves would not be able to feed themselves and take care of themselves if they were freed. He also proposed of deporting the blacks back to Africa after freeing them from slavery considering them inappropriate as free citizens in a White man’s society. Jefferson regarded blacks inferior to white population (Takaki). Question 6: Who was Phillis Wheatley, and what were the arguments that she put forward about blacks and slavery? Phillis Wheatley was a female poet and she was a slave brought from Africa. She had her own experience of ‘slave trade’, ‘forced separation from parents’ and ‘bondage in America’. She regarded slavery as a tyrannical institution depriving blacks of their rights and lives. She emphasized equality of blacks and informed that blacks were religiously equal to whites (Takaki). Question 7: Who was Benjamin Banneker? What stereotype about blacks did he work to dispel? What were his arguments? Benjamin Banneker was a black mathematician. He was also a slave like Wheatley. He dismissed Jefferson’s views about inferiority of intellect in blacks. He dispelled the stereotype about blacks that they were intellectually inferior to whites. He regarded Jefferson as a hypocrite. Banneker explained liberty as a ‘natural right’ for blacks. He talked about abolition of slave ry. He rejected the very notion of black inferiority (Takaki). Question 8: What were some of the ways slaves were managed by their masters? Overseers were appointed for black slaves that supervised them for work and threatened people for working by

Cultural Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cultural Analysis - Essay Example Government statistics of Iceland note that 94 percent of the inhabitants of Iceland live in the urban regions whereas up to 63 percent are the residents of the Reykjavik metropolitan area ("People"). The history of Iceland can be understood to be based on survival prosperity. Iceland was discovered by the Scandinavian sailors around the mid-ninth century. The first settler arrived in Iceland in 874. Landnà ¡mabà ³k, the book of settlements, compiled in the 12th century contains information about the initial 400 settlers in Iceland. A famous story set down there is that Floki, a Norse Viking made a voyage to Iceland but he spent all his time and energy on fishing and hunting and thus could not lay up any hay for the livestock, because of which they died during the winters, thus giving the land its name as Iceland. Icelandic history is shaped by the Norsemen settlers from the British Isles, Celts, and Scandinavia around the 9th and 10th centuries and is significantly shaped by the events occurring on the Nordic Countries larger political stage (â€Å"History†). Christianity was adopted in Iceland around the year 1000 (â€Å"History†). Nearly 33 per cent Icelanders were wiped out during the Black Plague infection in 1402. In 1940, the British Troops occupied Iceland. The Republic of Iceland was formally established in 1944 (â€Å"History†). The Icelandic language has remained almost the same since the 12th century and its similar to the Old Norse language. Letters of the Icelandic alphabet are not recognized in the modern English. For example, Þ is an Icelandic alphabet that is pronounced as "th". The most prominent religion in Iceland is Christianity. This is evident from the fact that the population following the Lutheran Church in Iceland is 80.7 per cent, those following the Roman Catholic Church make 2.5 per cent of the total, and other populations include â€Å"Free Church 2.4%,

Reflection coaching

Reflection coaching Reflection is defined by Stenhouse 1975 p144 as ‘a capacity for autonomous professional self-development through systematic self-study. Discuss how a coach utilises reflective practise to enhance their coaching performance Reflection is used to improve coaching performance through a variety of ways. Kidman (2001: 50) describes reflection as â€Å"a particularly significant part of empowerment whereby coaches themselves take ownership of their learning and decision making†. The coach is therefore very active in gaining information which could be beneficial to them. Dewey (1919: 3) describes reflection as â€Å"turning a subject over in the mind and giving it a serious and consecutive consideration†. By analysing information repeatedly and seriously, in depth knowledge is gained from it. *(DANS)*Pollard (2002) believes that â€Å"‘Reflective teaching is applied in cyclical or spiralling process, in which teachers monitor, evaluate and revise their own practice continually.† By being dedicated in analysing oneself, analysing others is possible. A slightly different concept of reflection is introduced by Schon. The notion of, ‘reflection in action. Schon (1983; 50) â€Å"Athletes think about what they are doing, sometimes even while doing it†. Expanding on this Schon highlights phrases like, ‘Keep your wits about you and ‘thinking on your feet. Schons belief here is in game reflection is natural and beneficial. Gilbert and Trudel (2001) believe Schons idea as a â€Å"separate type of reflection†. They also offer a different type of reflection which they call â€Å"retrospective reflection-on-action† which is further described as â€Å"that which occurs outside the action-present†. Their belief is that coaches reflect on concerns in between practise sessions and that reflection â€Å"still occurs within the action-present, but not in the midst of activity†. So they firmly believe that reflection-on-action is totally different to reflection-in-action. Gilbert and Trudel (2001) consider reflection to utilise â€Å"a conceptual framework to understand how coaches draw on experience when learning to coach† Ghaye and Lillyman (2000) bring forward the idea that the core of reflection is carried out in a series of ‘frames. Role framing was the coaches role executed correct? Value framing examining if there was value-positions present? Temporal framing was the order of actions correct? Parallel process framing could the end result varied? Problem framing were problems noticed effectively? These frames provide a practical way of analysing sport practises. Reflective practise can provide an efficient apparatus for monitoring and assessment of athletes. Dewey (1916) who is considered heavily to be the ‘founder of reflection, gives three attributes which are needed in order to participate in reflective practise. Open-mindedness, described as â€Å"an active desire to listen to more sides than one, to give heed to facts from whatever source they come and to give full attention to alternative possibilities†. Whole-heartedness, which is being â€Å"absorbed in an interest†. Responsibility is also needed as consequences are accepted therefore â€Å"securing integrity in ones beliefs†. Deweys beliefs have stood strong for eighty years and still provide modern coaches with a basic outlook on what is needed to be an effective reflective coach. Methods of using reflective practise There are a few ways in which reflective practise is put into action. By using a variety of methods coaches can expand from the basics and look more in detail depending on the type of information that is required. Video analysis is one method used in order to aid reflective practise. A coach can record a session and therefore have exact details of what actions are taken. This allows for precise analysis in which athletes can also see themselves and what they could improve on. McKernan was a firm believer in video recording to aid coaching: ‘†¦might use a video recorder to trap teaching performance as evidence or ‘data to be analysed. More importantly, such a film becomes a critical documentary for reflecting on practice†¦research can be undertaken by reactive methods such as observers, questionnaires, interviews, dialogue journals or through such non-reactive techniques as case studies, field notes, logs, diaries anecdotal records, document analysis, shadow studies. McKernan (1996)(DANS) Using other coaches is one way reflective practise can be more reliable and efficient. Analysis speed is increased as more coaches can observe and acknowledge similar issues that arise and whilst opinions may be divided, an overview of general problems can be addressed more easily. This view is backed up by Gould, Giannani, Krane, Hodge (1990) â€Å"development of craft knowledge which can be fostered through the realms of practical experience and interaction with other coaches.† Using a cognitive based style, reflection can take place through demonstration. Coaches need to reflect on how demonstrations of skills are executed and the coach must ensure that when a learner is receiving a demonstration that it is of adequate quality for the athlete to learn and progress using reflection. Demonstrations Coaching points and ‘logs are a very basic and fundamental way of reflecting on a performer. By making key observations during a practise and after, a coach can identify the problem areas. The more experienced the coach the more this basic method is effective and less need for the more advanced methods. This kind of feedback is usually Benefits to using reflective practise â€Å"by reflecting on practise a coach may expose his or her perceptions and beliefs to evaluation, creating a heightened sense of self awareness, which in turn my lead to a certain openness to new ideas† (Hellison and Templin 1991: 9) Reflective practise can increase ability in perception and creativity. This is due to the self improvement the coach must make themselves but are rewarded through these attributes. These attributes could then be passed onto the learner and thus bridging a gap between coach and learner.(BOOK) (PDF)Anderson, Knowles and Gilbourne (2004) state that â€Å"reflective practice is the latest topical strategic method that could help sports coaches explore their decisions and experiences, aiding them to make sense of the situation and directly influence the learning process.† This is clear that reflective practise can be used in order to help sports coaches. It is also considered one of the more modern uses of coaching in order to achieve higher ability in a more demanding results driven environment. â€Å"Indeed, to maximise learning, critical reflection is the core difference between whether an individual repeats the same experience time and time again or learns from the experience in such a way that the individual is cognitively or affectively changed† (Boyde and Fales, 1983).(PDF) By using reflective practise Boyde and Fales suggest that there is a high chance of learning and developing skills rather than just repeating an experience with no eventual gain. They believe reflection is essential to this as without it there would be no way an individual would know if improvement took place or not. â€Å"if a coach takes the opportunity to understand the consequences, both positive and negative, of the decisions made during a training session, they are better able to rationalise their decisions when under pressure† (Kidman, 2001).(PDF) Kidman here links this in with Schons ‘refelction in action. This is necessary in high tempo environments and is vital in gaining a better decision making process. Whilst reflection is important before and during training or match environments, only ‘reflection in action can gain quick and often needed information to make decisions. â€Å"reflection is thought to have a potent role in helping to bridge the gap between education and knowledge that is generated through practice† (Ghaye Ghaye, 1998).(PDF) Making coaches acknowledge their achievements is possible via reflection as it is a conscious and active way of fortifying the positives and negatives of individual and group practise. Difficulties in using reflective practise Whilst there is lots of evidence to strengthen the idea that reflective coaching is a useful practise, there are certainly problems that need addressing and limitations which clearly show it is not a full proof method even when applied properly. Crum (1995) â€Å"If a practitioner holds a ‘training-of-the-physical view of coaching and believes his or her role is only to improve fitness and adopt a technical/utilitarian approach, then becoming a coach who reflects in depth is not going to be paramount†. Whilst reflective practise does have its place, it would seem that it is limited. Some areas such as social negotiation and mentality may be difficult to improve through reflection practise but in many environments that reflective practise is used these are vital skills. Playing in high tempo and contact sports require both of these skills in abundance and gaining it through the individual is the most logical approach but if reflective practise is used then the coach is providing the information and techniques which arent transferable to individuals in these areas. â€Å"As many coaches will testify, written reflection, usually in the form of ‘logs, are frequently sanitised to deliver what is deemed as being necessary knowledge, thus being corralled into conformity (Chesterfield, Jones, Mitchell, 2007), possibly stifling coach creativity.†(PDF) Whilst Hellison and Templin believe in reflection in opening creativity, the basic form of a ‘log could be evidence that reflection does hinder creativity. Conformity is compliance with what already exists, if coaches comply to current practises such as ‘logs then there is no space for new practises to be introduced and composed. (PDF)Johns (1995) argued that â€Å"reflective practice is profoundly difficult, and it is therefore necessary to have a detailed model that guides and supports coaches.† Reflection does require many skills and outside opinions to be useful. There is a certain amount of complexity that comes with reflecting before, during and after sessions. Gibbs six-staged cyclical model for example is a complex calculated formula designed to give detailed analysis and evaluation. Whilst this could be beneficial it is only useful to coaches with prior experience or high ability levels. So as a general overall practise reflection can be difficult. â€Å"Trust is a vital part of a reflective conversation and, according to Maister, Green, Galford (2002), trust is a two-way relationship where people can be honest and respect each others openness. Without a real trusting relationship with significant others (e.g. a tutor, mentor, supervisor, coach) personal reflections may stay ‘safe and predictable and the real issues may go unresolved.†(PDF) Social dynamic in any relationship is extremely important. The relationship between coach and athlete is as open to flux as every other relationship. Trust is vitally important and is open to change to high and low levels. If trust is broken then coach performance or athlete obedience could drop. Reflection here is then a problem if not enough trust is spread and responsibility fall onto other people to provide strength in connecting and creativity in avoiding playing the ‘safe option which could potentially break trust. Conclusion To conclude, I believe that reflection is a very useful practise for coaches to undertake in developing athletes. Reflection can take place before, during and after which makes it very flexible and adaptable to a variety of environments. The coach does however need a certain level of ability in order to reflect appropriately and constructively. Detail is paramount and a coach analysing a level too high above them will struggle using reflection. I personally believe that the best method of reflection is video analysis. I think this because it gives an exact recollection of technical display and thanks to modern technology is available at a wide range of levels. It is, however, important that a coach doesnt rely on one method such as video analysis. During a competition or quick based environment it may not be possible to use this method and therefore a variety of reflective methods should be learnt and applied by coaches. This will make them more rounded and adaptable to their environment. One thing that I found intriguing was the amount of reflection that the coach must put on themselves. This ‘self reflection is vital as if this isnt carried out coaches methods may stagnate or accurate analysis and therefore feedback for the athlete cannot be attained thus making the practise useless. coach needs adaptable refelective ability, depending on the athletes, age, gender, ability etc†¦.. To sum up †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.states and defines refelction very clearly â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†

Indian Relations in Chesapeake and New England Essay

In the 1600’s English settlers came to America seeking refuge, and land. Upon coming to America the settlers crossed paths with the natives and eventually lead to a variety of relationships. There were various factors that shaped the relations in certain regions such as the Chesapeake Bay and New England. The events that lead up to tension between the natives were the settler’s lust for new land, diseases and the on-going disputes between the natives and the settlers. In the Chesapeake Bay the Powhatans were originally the dominant power among the Native Americans. The Powhatan tribes flourished under the Powhatan Confederacy until the arrival of the Europeans. Tension arouse between the natives and the settlers as the new colonist began establishing their town and had a scarce amount of food leading them to raid the Powhatan’s food source. The natives fought back and attempted to restore their supply of foods when Lord De La Warr declared war against the Powhatan’s therefore marking the beginning of the Powhatan war. The Powhatan villages were raided, burned and the cornfields were torched down cutting off their main food source. A peace treaty ended although it was shortly broken after the Powhatans attacked the Settlers due to them further expanding and into English territory. Like many wars the gain of territory is one of the fundamental reasons as to why many people start a war. The Powhatan were defeated due to lack of unity despite of their confederacy while they were attacked by diseases and the Europeans advance weapons which gave the Europeans the upper hand. Unlike the Powhatans and the English Settlers in the Chesapeake region, the relation between the Puritan Colonist and the natives started in mutual respect. The natives were first attacked by a new set of diseases causing nearly three-quarter of the population to die. Although the natives were introduced to diseases they befriended the Quakers. They formed an alliance and established the treaty with the Plymouth pilgrims in 1621 and aided the Quakers in celebrating the first thanksgiving. Despite the treaty and tension began when new English settlers began to migrate to America further settling inland to the natives’ region. Like the Powhatan Indians the Pequot Indians were attacked where their homes were burned and the fleeing natives were shot. The Puritans then pushed forward to converting the natives into Christianity further creating tension through resistance from the natives. The Indians final form of resistance was the alliance between tribes in the war against king Phillip. Roughly about 52 puritans towns were attacked at the end of the war where the English won. In conclusion the English Settlers came to America in search of land. The land-hungry settlers caused tension that arouse from the colonist moving into natives’ land as well as diseases and constant attacks to each other. The two regions share the commonality that both shared hostility between the natives and English settlers.

Sustainability marketung

This report analyses SPINE, an online Korean company specializing in quality mobile phone accessories and its plan to enter the sustainability market. The report further analyses the company's mission statement that will set the course for sustainable development. It is recommended that SPINE adopts a sustainable strategy and launch new line of CEO-friendly products that is a variant of three of Spine's best-selling phone cases, â€Å"Neo Hybrid†, â€Å"Slim Armor† and â€Å"Tough Armor†. These new phone cases will be made out of 100% recycled materials.This report will further evaluate the marketing mix strategies involved in implementing sustainable development such as the target market, product, price, promotion and distribution. The report finds that with the company shifting towards a CARS policy, the new sustainable product line will now be targeted at technology savvy Gene X and Gene Y consumer age between 22 to 45 seeking green alternatives as well introd ucing green alternative to already existing customers. The company is to adopt a differentiation strategy to challenge the current market leader head on in this fairly new market.Pricing will continue to be at a premium but a proportion of profit earnings (20%) will be contributed to WFM for funding sustainable campaigns. Distribution strategy will adopt the use of reverse logistic to recycle overstocking of inventory so that raw materials can be reused for future products. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION MARKET BACKGROUND The mobile phones market has received substantial growth in the past years due to the technological advancement as well as the introduction of smart phones becoming an essential part of a person's life in today's digitally connected lifestyle.Along with he progressive growth in smart phone sales around the globe, the market for mobile phone accessories has also received a direct boost in growth. Primarily driven by the uprising sales in smart phones, the market for mobile p hone accessories is projected to reach $ASS 84. 6 billion by the year 2018. This growth is akin to the fact that currently there are over 5. 9 billion mobile phone subscribers worldwide against the world population of 7. Billion people, mirroring a penetration rate of over 80% (Global Industry Analysts, 2012). On top of adding protection to your phone, mobile hone accessories also provide additional customizable and personalization for the user and this creates opportunities for accessories focused on aesthetic. COMPANY BACKGROUND Launched in 2004, SPINE is an online South Korean company specializing in the design of various mobile accessories such as screen protectors, cases, and utility bags for a variety of phones, tablets, and laptop.The company offer products of quality and innovation at a premium price range and is targeted towards the high end consumer market. Some of its notable products include the GLASS series range of . Mm thick tempered glass screen protectors manufactur ed at different shapes and sizes to fit popular smart phone models and also a line-up of high quality polycarbonate phone casings and frames that are light in weight and shock absorbent.In reaction to global awareness, SPINE has realized the need to cater its products to the shift in consumers' mindset towards green products. This means to re-establish the current goals and commitment of the company and also to create a new product line to pander towards a new market segment. The objective is to increase the rand's product reach and also employ ethical and green policy that will bring a positive image to the brand as a company who supports in the sustainability of the world.AIM This report aims to establish a good sustainable strategy that will aid SPINE in the launch of a new product range of mobile accessories that will be 100% environmentally friendly. This will redefine SPINE as sustainable company that will set itself apart from its competitors as well as enrage new customers t o the brand through its appeal towards environmental sustainability. This report will state the recommendations for change required to proceed with the munch of this new product such as altering and creating new marketing mix strategies for SPINE to appeal to a new audience.This includes defining a new target market, as well as implementing a suitable product, pricing, and promotion and distribution strategies for the new product line. 2 MISSION STATEMENT In the past, companies were narrowly concern the quantity of production and manufactures only expanded supply and lower cost which burden a huge impact on environment. Nowadays, mass production expanding led to overcapacity in various markets as supply exceeds demand.The sustainable marketing focuses on the target roof of green consumers who would be willing to pay premium prices for more environmentally friendly products. (Frank-Martin Bell and Ken Appetite 2009, pap) SPINE ignited the design of mobile phone markets revolution in the sass with the mobile phone accessories. Today, SPINE continue to lead the industry in innovation with its mobile phone accessories into sustainable market in order to paying more attention for responsibility to society, and ethical concerns about the social and environmental impacts. RECOMMENDATION FOR CHANGE In order to create sustainable development, SPINE will need to look into the economic, environmental and social factors that will contribute to this change. As Creating sustainable development is to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs (The Borderland report ‘Our Common Future' 1987), it is crucial for the company to not only look into environmental friendly alternatives but also to support the society through social responsibility such as equality, poverty etc. ND at the same time generating a sustainable profit for economic growth. For this to happen, it is recommended that SPINE adopts a sustainabl e development tragedy by promoting a new product line that will increase public awareness towards Spine's decision in adopting a Corporate Social Responsibility CARS policy. This will be accomplished by reinventing three of its most popular product range, namely â€Å"Neo Hybrid†, â€Å"Slim Armor† and â€Å"Tough Armor† and creating new CEO- friendly variants for the respective product.The new product line will continue to be consistent in quality, functionality as well as technical features of the current existing product line but will also be environmentally sustainable through the use of 100% recycled materials. For example, the Neo-hybrid phone casing CEO variant will continue to provide protection, shock absorption and customization through interchangeable frames and will also be made from 100% recycled parts. The new product line will be marketed towards environmentally aware consumers; it will also reach out to new users within the market to expand total demand.The introduction of new sustainable products will act as a stepping stone for Spine's to convert more of its existing products into green products in the future and to fully incorporate sustainable development in all of its product range. In addition to helping the environment, SPINE has paired up with World Wide Fund for Nature (WFM) to engage in humanitarian activities through contribution of 20% of their product's earning in funding charity campaign.Economically, with the cost in research and development as well as the cost of outsourcing recycled materials from various suppliers, SPINE will need to set a maximum cost of goods sold COGS no higher than 30% of mark-up to be able to generate a healthy profit in order to sustain the business. By satisfying the all three elements in creating a balanced sustainable development Truckee, SPINE will create a strong foundation in the shift towards a sustainable solution. MARKETING OBJECTIVES While Spine's primary marketing goal is to offer products for the mobile phone and gadgets not only from being scratched or impacted but also, as there are potentially a sizeable market for more sustainable products, shifting our marketing focus towards targeting on green market have been identified as a great opportunity. Presently, Spine's aimed at people between the ages of 22-45 who are searching for functional and sustainable protection covers.If SPINE can put forward an agenda uh for seeking the environmental, safe and recycle products would enable SPINE to start enhancing its positive image as an CEO-friendly company. The following are important objectives for Spine's green product range. INCREASE MARKET SHARE Conventionally, marketing performance is only concern about economic and growth- oriented issues, managers are not aware of considering in sustainability objectives. Presently, marketing objectives have to be provided by green materials. Frank-Martin Bell and Ken Appetite, 2009) SPINE should increase market s hare in era of sustainability from 0% into 10%. RAISE PUBLIC & CUSTOMER SATISFACTION To connect with consumers by taking advantage of social media could increase more public awareness, faith, loyalty, and by creating higher customer popularity results for making high level of benefits. There are more modern communication tools in today's society. For example, Faceable is the most popular tools with over 300 million users; SPINE should follow closely with the development of modern communication channels.Social media is the vital tools being used for communicating which provide the fast-paced information from global online channels, making consumers get more acknowledge with the brands. The Faceable online page posts photos, activities, innovations of new products and customer comments. The customers of SPINE on the Faceable can post their individual products photos, information, and impressions in order to let the company to acknowledge immediately.SPINE can then reply to the comment s and provide more advices about the products, making the communication more effectively and increase customers' satisfaction about the products. Specializing on social media will allow SPINE enhance brand awareness and gain more satisfactions from customers. REDUCE THE POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPACT ON HEALTH Researches have shown that mobile phone accessories that are made from mass- production plants using cheap materials in the manufacturing process can generate CHIC, a hazardous gas in which if it reaches the point at 0. OMG/mm are very harmful to the human body and also to the environment. Spine's production plants are closely monitored to ensure all materials are quality controlled and that all emission levels are kept at or below industry levels. All of the recycled materials in production process goes through the same monitoring and control to ensure all the mobile hone covers and gadgets match the highest safety standards not only to keep customer more safe and healthy, but als o to reduce our carbon footprint on the environment. MARKETING MIX STRATEGIES Camphor & Bandage, (2005) mentions in the Journal â€Å"Green Marketing Philosophy' that if marketing philosophy is a process of which the firm conceives the consumer into an exchange relationship whereby the firm offers a product to the market, which is driven by the desires of the consumer and aims to fulfill that desire in the most beneficial way for the entity or company.Then green marketing philosophy can be scribed as the exchange relationship that goes beyond the current needs of the consumers in terms of addressing the social interests in the conservation and protection of the natural environment at the same time. From a green marketer's perspective, as Fuller (1999) describes, a ‘new competitive game' is at play as there are three parties that are involved in the exchange relationship: the company, the consumer and the environment.Green marketing goes beyond the commercial exchange of fulfi lling a desire of the consumer, it is a way of understanding the company's relationship with society in general. With that in mind, green marketing an be found within the approach of social marketing (Kettle, 1995), it is a way of understanding the exchange relationship by planning, implementing and controlling a policy for product, price, promotion and distribution that at the same time fulfill customer needs and the objectives of the company while reducing any current or potential negative effects to the natural environment.TARGET MARKETS The previous target market for SPINE products are technology sax. N. Y Gene X and Gene Y consumers between the ages of 18-45. Primarily enthusiasts for electronic gadgets such as smart phones, tablets and laptops. These consumers seeks for accessories that can not only protects their favorite gadgets, but also be able to do it in a way that allows them to express who they are from Spine's variety of products that offers form, functionality and pr otection through innovative designs and materials.As the company re-defines itself through the launch of a new product range of 100% environmental friendly mobile accessories that are made from recyclable materials. The new target market is now aimed at people between the ages of 22-45, who are seeking for greener alternatives to accessories their gadgets without sacrificing quality and functionality. Consumers in their early ass's start to get more influence from the importance of green sustainable products, also the income level is another factor of consideration as people get older, their disposable income are likely to increase along with the level of green-awareness.SPINE'S green-product range consumers represent a demographic group of well-educated successful young adults, single or married with an annual household income range of ADD $40,000 – $100,000 or more. They are particular about their taste in styling and self-image aware, trendy and strives for high-quality in novative and sustainable products on the racket. PRODUCT STRATEGIES With over ten years in the industry, SPINE has established a solid reputation through its design and innovation. The success of SPINE is a direct result of the fast-growing smartened and tablet users around the globe (SPINE, 2014).With this in mind, SPINE have discovered that there are enormous market opportunities for green-sustainable gadget accessories as there are currently very few numbers of competitors in this segment, for example:, Case-mate, Groveled, Minimize and Ore that produces phone cases and accessories from part to 100% recycled materials, wood and bamboo. SPINE aims to challenge the market leaders by differentiation and with plans to become the market leader of this segment. In order for the company to differentiate from other competitors, it aims to use 100% recycled materials in the production of our green product range.The recycled materials will come from industry and household wastes as well as recycling old mobile phones, phone cases and other electronic devices. The green range products will not substitute quality, functionality or appeal for using recycled materials, in fact, all of our green products are able to keep all of the original features so our customers can est. assure that they are getting high quality products while contribute to our mission to raise awareness and the importance for using sustainable phone and gadget accessories.SPINE will also donate 20% of profits from its green range to WFM and other organizations for research and conservation purposes. PRICING STRATEGIES The prices of our green sustainable product range are set accordingly with the competition in mind, also to cover the initial research and development costs as well as on-going costs associated with recycled materials. The company does not aim to hare a high premium over the green label, nor does it attempt to lower the price in order to sell high quantities of products.It is set at a p rice where consumers feel that it is reasonable and will be comfortable of purchasing knowing that a large portion of the profits will be used for a better cause such as further research for more sustainable products and in forms of donations to conservation organizations such as the WFM. PROMOTION STRATEGIES SPINE currently has 7 sub divisions apart from the Korean headquarters in different countries around the world which are USA, Japan, Hong Kong, I-J, Turkey, China andTaiwan. Each of the divisions has its own authorized retailers and resellers. These divisions are responsible to interact and provide information with the consumers, retailers and resellers whenever it launches a new product through various methods such as direct mail, face to face, e-mail and through social media sites such as Faceable and twitter. All of Spine's product range can be found on the division countries respective websites (SPINE, 2014).Promotional activities will take place before the launch of the gr een product ranges to establish awareness for sellers and errs to grasp an idea of what is to be released and how it is differentiated from the competitor's products, training programs will be conducted by trained staff assigned from Korean, American and Japanese headquarters to prepare each division's in-line managers and sales personals to be able to pass on to consumers and individual retailers on the features of the new sustainable products.After launch promotions will include forms of discounts, a further 5% discount for customers who trade-in an old phone case when they purchase a product from the green range at participating detail stores. These promotional activities will be carried out through methods mentioned above.As SPINE depend heavily on online sales through its own websites as well as liaising with Amazon and eBay, online promotional activities through these websites, e-mail and social media are vital to keep up to date with the company's goals and visions while cons tantly seek better ways of improving existing products to shift into the new green sustainable future of phone and gadget accessories. DISTRIBUTION STRATEGIES Currently, SPINE adopts direct marketing channels through online sales from its official weeping and also through third party online distributors such as eBay and Amazon.When adopting a sustainable distribution strategy, the company will look at providing biodegradable and recyclable packaging that enables overall volume reduction when transporting to serve the goal of sustainability. Materials used in the packaging will be in the form of lightweight recycled cardboard boxes that provides good protection but maintain flexibility when it comes to transport efficiency. Information and communication technology is also key to Spine's sustainable striation as under overstock can be counter intuitive in reaching the goal of creating a sustainable framework.As SPINE uses short distribution chains (products are shipped directly from t heir warehouse to the customer's doorsteps) good coordination can increase efficiency, but it should be noted that outsourcing suppliers for recycled materials should be monitored and well communicated to avoid over or under stock in inventory. To counter this, reverse logistics will be implemented to recycle unsold goods so that materials can be reused for future products instead of scraping all unwanted inventory. In conclusion, Spine's move to a more sustainable direction will set itself in a positive motion.

The Hudson River And Pcb Pollution Essays - Monsanto, Pollutants

The Hudson River And Pcb Pollution Essays - Monsanto, Pollutants The Hudson River And Pcb Pollution The Hudson River and PCB Pollution The Hudson River is a body of water that stretches for 315 miles from the Adirondack Mountains to the Battery in Manhattan, reaching its deepest point of 216 feet in the Highlands near Constitution Island and West Point and reaches its widest point of 3 miles across at Havestraw. This river is one of the most beautiful and scenic of the Tri-State area. Unfortunately, it happens to be New Yorks most polluted river. The river has been influenced upon since the early 1600s, when Englishman Henry Hudson commanded the Dutch ship Half Moon on an exploration of the river, certain that he had discovered a trade route to China. It soon dawned that this was no Atlantic-to-Pacific passage but an Edenlike place of awesome potential-a river valley teeming with prospect and spirit that was worth fighting for. In the centuries that followed, the fight for the river and its commerce never stopped, and still continues to the present. Then during the Industrial Revolution, with the advent of hulking m anufacturing plants on the riverbanks, everything changed. The river became a sewer, cut off from the people around it by the electrification of the railroads. The 1825 completion of the Erie Canal instantly opened trade to the Midwest by linking Troy to Buffalo and established the Hudson River as the major commerce channel for New York City. Tycoons transformed the landscape in New York and across the country with the railroad, and the Hudson River valley became a hotbed for iron mining, limestone quarrying and clear-cutting. Toward the 19th century, when dynamite blasting was reducing the face of the Palisades to rubble, conservationists became alarmed that something was being lost to progress. In 1900, New York and New Jersey established the Palisades Interstate Park Commission to preserve the cliffs from further quarrying. Although conservation efforts continued into the 20th century, there was no progress to protect the Hudson River and its banks from industrial pollution. Some of the largest factories in the nation started production on the Hudson River, including Anaconda Wire and Cable in Hastings-on-Hudson and GM in the present day Sleepy Hallow, discharging waste into the river. There are numerous known contaminated sites around the U.S. Among the most dangerous of these, and of particular concern to residents of the Hudson Valley, are the forty hot spots in the Hudson River resulting from the dumping and leakage from General Electric plants at Fort Edward and Hudson Falls. From 1947 to 1977, these two plants legally discharged from 500,000 to 1.5 million pounds of PCBs into the Hudson, and unknowingly saturated the bedrock beneath both sites with at least that much again. There are PCBs in Hudson River water, biota, and sediment from Hudson Falls to New York City - 200 miles that comprise the nations largest Superfund site. Pure PCBs are oozing out of the bedrock to this day, constantly recontaminating the river and over 300,000 pounds remain concentrated in bottom sediments of the river today. The spread of PCBs throughout the Hudson River and the food chain, which it supports, has created one of the most extensive hazardous waste problems in the nation. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of synthetic oil-like chemicals (therefore insoluble in water) of the organochlorine family. Until their toxic nature was recognized and their use was banned in the 1970s, they were widely used as insulation in electrical equipment, particularly transformers. Reputable chemists have since concluded, it was probably a mistake ever to make or use PCBs. These are serious poisons, which have been shown to cause damage to the reproductive, neurological and immune systems of wildlife and humans and are known to cause cancer. Exposure has also been linked to behavioral damage. Specifically, because PCBs in the body mimic estrogen, women of childbearing age and their infants are particularly susceptible to a variety of development and reproductive disorders. Once in the body, these compounds do one of two things: they block the normal passage of hormones into their receptors, or, mimic the hormone itself and enter the receptor in lieu of the hormo ne. By doing so can irrevocably alter and damage the development of the organism.

Free Essays on Symbolic Interactionst

Is it Rape or is it Marriage Many people from different places migrate to the US and with them they bring their culture. The dilemma is that what is right in their culture is wrong in the American culture. The US being a diverse society has to understand these â€Å"new immigrants† culture practices because they have lived and followed these practices for centuries. â€Å"Because human communication is composed of symbols that have arbitrary meanings and values† in every culture. Islamic people, for centuries in their culture have been marrying off their daughters at the age of 13 and 14. The reason behind this is because it symbolizes that a girl becomes a woman when she passes through puberty. Also, the marriage between a man in his late 20’s and a 13-year-old girl is not seen as odd to them it’s just normal practice. So their marriage is valid because they haven’t broken any norms within their culture. To American citizens marriage between a 13-year-old girl and a man in his late 20’s is seen as rape. The reasoning behind this is because according to the American culture a girl doesn’t become an adult until the age of 18 or older. Now there is a major conflict between our two cultures because Islamists have moved away from their country to America. In 1996 a 39-year old father arranged for his two daughters of the age 13 and 14 to be married to two Iraqi men, ages 28 and 34. To them they were just practicing their own customs. Since they were in America and this is seen as rape the father was charged with child abuse, the mother with contributing to the delinquency of minors, and the husbands were charged with rape. In another case a young Hmong man along with his friends went to a local college campus. There they picked up a girl that he selected to be his wife and took her back to his place where he had sex with her even though the girl didn’t want too. In the Hmong culture this is called â€Å"zij poj... Free Essays on Symbolic Interactionst Free Essays on Symbolic Interactionst Is it Rape or is it Marriage Many people from different places migrate to the US and with them they bring their culture. The dilemma is that what is right in their culture is wrong in the American culture. The US being a diverse society has to understand these â€Å"new immigrants† culture practices because they have lived and followed these practices for centuries. â€Å"Because human communication is composed of symbols that have arbitrary meanings and values† in every culture. Islamic people, for centuries in their culture have been marrying off their daughters at the age of 13 and 14. The reason behind this is because it symbolizes that a girl becomes a woman when she passes through puberty. Also, the marriage between a man in his late 20’s and a 13-year-old girl is not seen as odd to them it’s just normal practice. So their marriage is valid because they haven’t broken any norms within their culture. To American citizens marriage between a 13-year-old girl and a man in his late 20’s is seen as rape. The reasoning behind this is because according to the American culture a girl doesn’t become an adult until the age of 18 or older. Now there is a major conflict between our two cultures because Islamists have moved away from their country to America. In 1996 a 39-year old father arranged for his two daughters of the age 13 and 14 to be married to two Iraqi men, ages 28 and 34. To them they were just practicing their own customs. Since they were in America and this is seen as rape the father was charged with child abuse, the mother with contributing to the delinquency of minors, and the husbands were charged with rape. In another case a young Hmong man along with his friends went to a local college campus. There they picked up a girl that he selected to be his wife and took her back to his place where he had sex with her even though the girl didn’t want too. In the Hmong culture this is called â€Å"zij poj...

Marketing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing - Research Paper Example Average consumers Another attribute that I would use to segment the market is by the level of the consumption by the consumers. Most particularly I would focus at needs of the teenagers who are key part that forms average consumers. In this regard, I will undertake an intensive advertisement especially via the social sites such as face book and twitter in order to capture the attention of the average consumers. Benefits One of the key aspects that I would consider in the product segmentation is the benefits provided by the product. TM new products will create a strong positive relationship with our consumers thus enhancing the sales and profitability of the company. Additionally, the new product will be a favorite brand for young people in colleges especially during social occasions. Usage Based on the usage of the brands, consumers of the soft drink can be classified into light, medium and heavy consumers. Task 2. Major segments of the soft drink product Based on the psychographic a spects described in task 1, this section identifies key segments that I will focus at in order to maximize the sales and the consumption of the TM new product. Fashionable brand conscious customers This is one of the major soft drink segments that include young people in colleges and universities. ... Average consumers are mostly pressurized to buy due to advertisement and intensive promotions. The major group under this category is the teenagers. Additionally, this group of consumers looks for quality and the ingredients that make up the brands that are useful in making them strong and energetic. In this regard, I will undertake an intensive advertisement especially via the social sites such as face book and twitter in order to capture the attention of the average consumers. Benefits As mentioned earlier, consumers are attracted by products that offer them maximum benefits. By ensuring that TM new product is effectively packaged and that customers will easily carry the products, a positive product-brand relationship will improve the profitability and the sales of the company. To ensure that our consumers are aware of the benefits of the new product, an extensive advertisement and adequate training of new and existing consumers will be carried out. Usage The new product will be di rected to average consumers. This is based on the fact that by ensuring the loyalty of the average consumers, the product will be highly demanded when the average consumers changes to heavy consumers. Task 3. Profile of each of the major segments Market segment Profile Fashionable brand conscious customers The new products needs to look attractive thus attracting the attention of the young consumers. Additionally, it will portray a feeling of coolness. Average consumers Consumers are teenagers who will be attracted by advertisement and promotions through social media including face book and twitter. More advertisement will be conducted before evening prime news in major TV channels. Benefits