Critical Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical Analysis Paper - Essay Example This show is aired in ABS-CBN, one of the known television channels in the Philippines. This is a comedy show where all characters are children age 5-12 who have all their parents consent to work for the television. The word "Bulilit" in the Philippines means small. This is the reason why just hearing the title, one can get an idea that the casts are children. What makes this different from the normal children channels or show is that, the children, given the script, are made to imitate grownups by wearing corporate and business attire to portray the behavior of a normal working individual in that particular country. It should be understood that doing this research, I have watched at least five episodes, four of which are under my observation. The show on the other hand has been running on Philippine television for more than a year already and since it is highly patronized by kids and the young at heart, it continues its comedy acts through the kids who play a significant role in getting a top rating for the show. Unlike other children's shows, the characters are made to be intelligent as they need to assume the roles of different officials who are well known in the country. At times, they imitate famous politicians, actors or actresses to make fun of them in a mild way. One of the favorite personalities of this show is President Gloria Macapagal herself, the president of the Philippines. So this is the only show that has all the guts to make fun of the President. It has not created any issue for the fact that the kids are the ones doing it. Had it been any serious adult character, kit could have erupted to a big issue already. Going back to the very topic of my paper, there was one episode where four characters were placed in one miniature house. It was a portrait of one family with a mother, a father, and two kids. The goal is for the father to advise his son to study more like his sister. Father: Son, why don't you do your homework now instead of playingcomputer games. Try to be like your sister. Son: What do you mean I should be like my sister So I will be playingBarbie dolls then The focus of the conversation is to tell the audience that the father, having said those words, it has created a different meaning to his son. It appeared like the father wanted his son to be a girl like his sister, which should be the funny part of the script. But that is not the point of my argument. The point there is that boys have the stereotype and are considered as addicted to video games. This, according to Lemish is just one of the findings in her article Gendered Content of Interests. According to her, boys are known to be fond of playing computer games and have the tendency to be technology fanatics. The girls on the other hand, they have their attention focused on reading books and magazines. This is the reason why parents refer to their girls as studious compared to boys because of the mentioned preference. (Boville & Livingstone, page 268). Let me try to illustrate another situation from another episode taken still from "Going Bulilit." In one particular scene, in

Motivations for immigration to American colonies Essay Example for Free

Motivations for immigration to American colonies Essay The first successful colony in America was in Jamestown, Virginia, established 1607. When it was first founded, the colony contained only several hundred people. During the two hundred years that followed the population increased greatly, due in part to massive immigration from the Old World. By 1790 the colony housed a little under four million people. The high rate of immigration stemmed from a number of different motivators, including the peoples hope for a better lifestyle than the one they experienced in the Old World, religious zeal, cheaper land and higher wages for manual laborers, and overpopulation in England. Farmers and manual laborers were attracted to America by the prospect of higher wages and lower costs of living. Most of these people were of the industrious sortcraftsmen, yeomen farmers, and small merchants (Document A). Since the New World sought these types of laborers to further the economy and lacked a sufficient number of them, the demand increased, and with it the wages. The cost of living was also lower because the New World was virtually unpopulated and there was a low demand for residence as compared with England; subsequently, the costs were lower. According to William Penn, their labor will be worth more than it is in England and their living will be cheaper. (Document 1). Religious types, especially the Puritans, were drawn to America by the possibility of converting natives and spreading the message and lifestyle that they upheld to others through example. They hoped for new souls to be won for God. (David Cressy article). By establishing what they considered to be an ideal and pious community, these colonizers wanted to build a new home for Christianity, extended from its confines of the Old World. One man who brought people like this to America through his words was John Winthrop, who said that colonization would carry the benefit of service to the Lord. (Document 3). Winthrop was a prominent leader of the English Puritans in their voyage to the Massachusetts Bay to build such a colony. Another motivation for immigration was the hope of a better lifestyle by the settlers. Many left depressedregions in search of a new start. (Document A). Some people felt oppressed by the English government and  wanted freedom from it. Also, many people who were denied the privilege of land ownership in England believed that they could fulfill this wish in the New World. As mentioned before, land was cheaper in America due to a fairly low demand for it, which increased the probability of one being able to own it. Therefore, the possibility of land ownership and a new start was an attraction for the colonizers. Some of the people that emigrated, however, were not actually motivated to do so by the attractions of the New World. Instead, overpopulation in England and pressure from the government pushed them out of the country and into America. Since the pioneers of the colonies wanted them to flourish and needed inhabitants to achieve this goal, the government encouraged unemployed or idle Englishmen to settle there. Thousands of Englishmen were forced off the land and unwelcome itinerants became a common sightconstituting a problem. (Document 2). The solution to this problem was to ship the unwelcome men off to America, which is what the government did, and was a partial reason for the population boom. Different people were attracted to the New World for different reasons, such as the wish to own land, better ones lifestyle, or promote Christianity. These attractions paired with overpopulation in England were the reason that so many people emigrated to colonial America. The new area presented a whole fresh realm of possibilities that England did not offer, and as a result, the unemployed, unhappy and/or restless went there in search of satisfaction and something new. Various literature written by educated men of the period promoted emigration and helped spread the word of these prospects. These reasons are what account for the large number of that people moved to colonial America in the seventeenth century.

Ortho Tri-Cyclen and Acne Essay -- Medicine Medical Birth Control Pape

Ortho Tri-Cyclen and Acne What does Ortho Tri-Cyclen do for the treatment of acne and how does it work? In 1960, the medical world of the United States was revolutionized by the introduction of The Pill. For the past forty years, The Pill has been the most popular form of reversible birth control. But beside the stellar contraceptive effectiveness rate ranging from 97-99.9% (when taken as directed), many other non-contraceptive benefits exist in conjunction with this method of birth control. Studies have proven that a women’s incidence of ovarian and endometrial cancers, benign cysts of the ovaries and breasts, and pelvic inflammatory disease, all decrease with pill use. Heavy bleeding and severe cramps are also minimized (www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/CONSUMER/CON00027.html). Recent claims state that birth control may also effectively treat some types of acne. Though, back in 1966, The Rocky Mountain Medical Journal published an article illustrating the effectiveness of estrogen-progestin combination in the treatment of stubborn acne, and maintaining that the cyclic admin istration of oral contraception is a useful measure for many women. It was not until January 2, 1997 that marked another big step in the world of the birth control pill when, for the first time, an oral contraceptive was approved for marketing by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an effective treatment for acne. Ortho Tri-Cyclen, originally introduced in 1992 by the Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical Corporation, is the first low dose birth control pill approved for a noncontraceptive indication. (www.pslgroup.com/dg/fa6a/htm.) Ortho Tri-Cyclen is the only birth control pill that has been clinically proven for the treatment of mo... ... acne vulgaris. Journal of American Acad Dermatology, 37(5Pt1), 746-54 Olson WH, Lippman JS, Robisch DM, (1998). The duration of response to norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Internal Journal of Fertil Womens Med, 43(6), 286-90 Redmond GP, (1998). Effectiveness of oral contraceptives in the treatment of acne, Contraception, 58(3 Suppl), 29S-33S Redmond GP, Olson WH, Lippman JS, Kafrissen ME, Jones TM, Jorizzo JL, (1997). Norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a radomized, placebo controlled trial. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 89(4), 615-22 Van Hoff MH, Hirasing RA, Kaptein MB, Koppenaal C, Voorhorst FJ, Schoemaker J, (1998). The use of oral contraceptives by adolescents for contraception, menstrual cycle problems or acne. Acta Obstetrics and Gynecol Scand, 77(9), 898-904

Cement Industry Essay

In today’s world of rapidly increasing competition, firms are selling goods and services through a variety of direct and indirect channels. In mass advertising, marketers are exploring new forms of communication, such as experimental, entertainment and viral marketing. Creative Advertising is the means to break clutter in such new forms – it helps Differentiation, Recognition, Recall and Persuasion in an effective manner. Creativity in advertising involves disciplined thinking and requires the creative person to think differently within specific constraints. The advertisement project is a complex exercise that that consumes a lot of effort, cost and time from different experts in the team which requires every part of the project process to be well-studied, documented and well planned. A lot of research needs to get conducted about the audience, product and media of the advertisement. Increasing sales is not the only goal of the advertising decision and could also involve introducing a new product, delivering the product message, etc. The most important aspect of the creative advertising process is the idea and the creative concept. Advertisers use different ways of thinking via several types of creative strategies to promote publicity, public relations, personal selling and sales promotion. One such creative advertisement campaign is the Vodafone’s ZooZoo ads which caught the fancy of the consumers and helped the company develop its own entity in a splendid and innovative manner. The advertising landscape has experienced dramatic change over the past several years and as the advertising medium gradually shifts to the digital platform, agencies are finding new ways to connect with the customers and build their brands. This media confluence is one of the foremost challenges of creative advertising as the advertisers have to reinvent the mass message model, help consumers tell stories, play in an evolving arena and develop talent with creative vision. INTRODUCTION Advertising has long been viewed as a method of mass promotion in that a single message can reach a large number of people. But, this mass promotion approach presents problems since many exposed to an advertising message may not be within the marketer’s target market, and thus, may be an inefficient use of promotional funds. However, this is changing as new advertising technologies and the emergence of new media outlets offer more options for targeted advertising. Advertising also has a history of being considered a one-way form of marketing communication where the message receiver is not in position to immediately respond to the message. In fact, it is expected that over the next 10-20 years advertising will move away from a one-way communication model and become one that is highly interactive. Another characteristic that may change as advertising evolves is the view that advertising does not stimulate immediate demand for the product advertised. That is, customers cannot quickly purchase a product they see advertised. But as more media outlets allow customers to interact with the messages being delivered the ability of advertising to quickly stimulate demand will improve. It is estimated that worldwide spending on advertising exceeds (US) $400 billion. This level of spending supports thousands of companies and millions of jobs. In fact, in many countries most media outlets, such as television, radio and newspapers, would not be in business without revenue generated through the sale of advertising. Most organizations, large and small, that rely on marketing to create customer interest are engaged in consistent use of advertising to help meet marketing objectives. However not every advertisement achieves its objective as the consumer is subjected to innumerable ads daily in newspapers, television, billboards, websites, etc. Therefore those Ads which catch customer’s attention have something unique which makes then interesting and unforgettable. The majority of copywriters agree that creativity is extremely important in ads and it usually works more effectively in catching the interest of people/customer than all other techniques put together. The originality of the idea or ad makes it more recognizable and is able to beat the competition. Creativity is the marriage of imagination and execution, thinking and doing. Creativity in the context of today’s world is underpinned by the fact that almost anything is possible given technology and platform advances. Technology is changing behavior, but ideas and how we tell the stories are everything – this is how we influence behavior. It’s about the idea and the story, not simply the devices or technologies, which create great and enduring ideas and are the hallmark of Creative Advertisements. ABOUT ADVERTISING Definition of Advertising: Advertising is defined differently by different authorities and the institutions dealing with the subject of advertising. The American Marketing Association defines advertising as â€Å"the placement of announcements and persuasive messages in time or space purchased in any of the mass media by business firms, nonprofit organizations, government agencies, and individuals who seek to inform and/ or persuade members of a particular target market or audience about their products, services, organizations, or ideas.† Purpose of Advertising: Through advertising, one can disseminate the message very effectively. Within few seconds the message can be disseminated to masses. The basic purpose of advertising for commercial advertisers is to identify and differentiate one product from another in order to persuade the consumer to buy that product in preference to another. Non-commercial advertisers (political parties, interest groups, religious organizations and governmental agencies) use advertising to educate people for their cause. Major Decisions before committing for any advertising campaign: Like other area of marketing management, decision-making is necessary in advertising. This relates to 5Ms – mission, money, message, media and measurement. Mission: What are the advertisement objectives? Decision in regard to mission is a basic one as other decisions are to be adjusted as per the mission or objective or purpose of advertising decided. It can be: Introduction of new product or service, or information about new features, repositioning of the brand or just reminder campaigns etc. Money: How much money to be spent. Advertising is costly and companies have to spend billions of dollars for this purpose. Advertising objectives determine the required budget. Message: What is the message to be sent? Positive results depend on message. It should be attractive and meaningful. It’s the job of the creative copywriters and artists. Message can be communicated by written words, pictures, slogans and so on. Media: What kind of media to be used. Selection of media depends upon cost, coverage, effectiveness and budget in hand. Wrong decision on media may make advertising ineffective and money spent will be wasted. The steps here are deciding on desired Reach, Frequency and Impact. Measure: How are the results to be determined? Evaluation of advertisement in order to judge its effectiveness. The post advertising sale is one major consideration. The other consideration is visibility of the advertisement. Steps involved in influencing customer decision: There is a very famous principle in ad world called as AIDA principle, which describes the steps that a prospective customer goes through before deciding to buy. AIDA stands for A- Awareness, I- Interest, D- desire and A- Action. Awareness – Ad should surprise the customer. Interest – This is usually where benefit phrases come heavily into play. Desire – Third step, customer realizes that product is good and beneficial. Action- The fourth stage occurs when the prospect decides to take Action and become a customer. HISTORY OF ADVERTISING History of ads can be traced back to 3000-4000 BC. There are signs that Romans used to announce gladiator fights by painting on the walls. Egyptians used papyrus to make sales messages and wall posters. Commercial messages and political campaign displays have been found in the ruins of Pompeii and ancient Arabia. Lost and found advertising on papyrus was common in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Active advertising in print media started in late 19th century. 20th century has witnessed evolution of advertising through various media. The concept of creativity in advertising was not discussed much until the 1960s, when a sea change in the way of producing advertising transformed the field forever. The central feature of this Creative Revolution was that creativity came to be valued over the formulas and research that previously drove the production of ads. Creative teams, a mainstay of nearly all agencies since the 1960s, did not exist prior to that time. The reigning paradigm was reason the why advertising that spoke to consumers in terms of unique selling propositions (USPs). The Creative Revolution changed not only the ground rules for making advertising, but also the kinds of people who were recruited into the business. The preeminence of creativity over formulaic advertising was strongly articulated and the effect was to place creativity before the other services of an advertising agency – market research, media analysis, and other support functions. CREATIVE ADVERTISING To really stand out in the crowd, an ad concept has to be really out of the box, something that intrigues an audience or at least make them look twice. There is no second chance at making a good first impression. With both online and offline advertising you only have seconds to catch the attention of your consumers. If that doesn’t happen, your ad campaign is considered a failure. Today’s advertising message must be better planned, more imaginative, more entertaining and more rewarding to customers. Inclusion of creative ideas (original, novel, out of box and useful ideas) in the ad campaign is called creative advertising. Creative advertisements are made not only to sell the product but to entertain the target audience. Creativity in advertising does not arise in a vacuum; it requires a certain degree of both general knowledge and field-specific knowledge. This is clearly true if we think of creativity as a form of innovation – we cannot know what is novel without a sense of what is already known in any area. The ad’s impact depends not only on what it says, but often more important, how it says it – execution is decisive and this is the crux of Creative Advertising. TYPES OF CREATIVE STRATEGIES Creative Strategies are used in order to obtain consumer attention and provoke shoppers to purchase or use a specific product. Creative Strategies promote publicity, public relations, personal and sales promotion. Creative strategies are divided into three basic forms: Weak Strategies: Generic and Pre-emptive strategies describe the two weakest forms of advertising that were most popular through the 1940s. A generic strategy gives a product attribution. Consumers aren’t learning anything new about the product. It enhances the product in no other way. A pre-emptive strategy is a form of advertising that makes a generic claim stronger. Middle Strength Strategies: Unique positioning and Brand Image are the two types. This proves that something about your product is truly unique. This is commonly found when producers take an average product and add a new, unique element to it. In brand image, an advertiser is not trying to create rational thinking. This type of advertising strives to create emotion and give a brand a personality. A common way of doing this is by using a celebrity as a spokesperson. Strong Strategies: Affective and resonance advertising are the two types. Making people feel really good about a product is called affective advertising. This is difficult to do, but often humor and an honest character can make affective advertising possible. Resonance advertising is a way of identifying with consumers. If an advertiser can create a campaign that certain target markets identify with, then resonance advertising has been achieved. FUNDAMENTALS OF CREATIVE ADVERTISING The Fundamentals of Creative Advertising provides an understanding of how to create and produce ad campaigns. The focus is on the various media available, the thinking and planning behind the campaign, the creative brief, and the creative solution and execution of the ad campaign. Market research underpins virtually all of the decisions made at the campaign planning stage. Through market research both the client and the agency are better able to understand the marketplace, identify and profile the target audience, test their creative ideas, choose the most appropriate media form and, finally, evaluate the success of the campaign. The client will normally provide basic and initial research about the target market and audience in the client brief, which is then supplemented by research undertaken by the agency. Having received the brief from the client, the creative ad team must now take all the knowledge that they have and use it to develop a campaign that will meet the requirements of the brief. They need to look closely at all the information they have been given and understand what it really means. The creative ad team must also identify any gaps in their knowledge that can be filled through market research. The Creative Brief: Role of the brief: A creative ad team will transform a client brief into a creative brief. Together they will develop an advertising strategy based on the information supplied in the client brief and the supplementary research undertaken. The campaign strategy is then articulated in the creative brief, which is approved by the client. Developing the brief: Before the creative brief can be formulated, the objectives of the advertising campaign have to be identified, together with a strategy for achieving those objectives. It is important to remember that the advertising medium itself is only one part of the communication strategy, which in turn is part of the overall marketing strategy. As such, the broader marketing strategy has to be considered before the creative brief can be formulated. The Creative Concept: The creative team: At the heart of every successful advertising campaign is the creative concept. The task of having an original concept, and a range of ideas allied to this concept, is in the hands of the creative team. The best creative teams have the capacity to be both original and fluent when it comes to generating such ideas. In other words, it is not just about having a novel idea†¦it’s about having lots of them! Research and Familiarization: The way the creative brief is written and its content can be an important trigger for your ideas and will also provide an important point of focus in terms of advertising objectives; who you are talking to, what you want to say to them, and how you want them to respond. For this reason it is best to keep referring back to the brief every so often during the creative process to make sure that you are staying on track. Idea Generation (Ideation): The secret to having good ideas is to have lots of ideas to choose from. The more ideas, the greater the chance, that there will be few ‘winners’ among them. Quantity equals quality, so don’t hold back and pre-judge your ideas, just have lots of them – the wilder the better! Wild ideas may be unusable in their raw state, but they can provide a springboard to a better idea as they can help you to see things from a different perspective. Once the basic campaign concept for the advertisement has been formulated and agreed by the client, it’s down to the creative team to coordinate its execution. In traditional creative partnerships, the copywriter will write any body copy so that the message is conveyed in a punchy and memorable way, using the correct tone of voice to evoke the right mood or provoke the desired reaction. The art director will be responsible for ‘crafting’ the advertisements – making sure that they look visually strong and have a consistency of layout and composition across the campaign. Crucially, they must also exude and reflect the brand values. EXAMPLE OF A CREATIVE ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN Creative ad campaigns instill a sense of awe and marvel in the people they target. They cause us to stand back and wonder, â€Å"How did the brand even come up with that?† When a brand gets an ad campaign right, they stand out amongst the myriad of typical, hackneyed, and lackluster ads that bombard us daily. Just like the Vodafone ZooZoo ads. Vodafone is known for its unique advertisement campaign such as pug, happy to help service and the â€Å"ZooZoo† advertisement campaign. As Vodafone was a new brand in India, it had a challenging task to develop its own entity. The previous name of this Indian company was associated with a pug. Vodafone decided to come with a new persona for itself, so the people of the country can associate it with the company. The company came with a brilliant persona for itself, which was very apt for it, The â€Å"ZooZoo†. With 25 such commercials planned, releasing one a day, to sustain interest till the end of the IPL SEASON 2.HaritNagpal, chief marketing officer, Vodafone India explains, â€Å"†¦the brand was in need of an idea that would work doubly hard, as it was planning to spend some four months’ worth of marketing monies in one month†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ZooZoo are advertisement characters promoted by Vodafone during the Indian Premier League Season 2. O&M experimented with several characters and finally â€Å"ZooZoo† was born as a completely Indian concept. The name had to be catchy, funny and memorable, though the name actually never pops up in any of the communication. Zoozoos are white creatures with ballooned bodies and egg heads who were used to promote various value added services of Vodafone. Each ad used a story which was enacted by the Zoozoos. These ads though look animated are actually real humans in the ZooZoo costumes. The ZooZoo advertisements were created in South Africa by Ogilvy & Mather, an international advertising, marketing, and public relations agency and Nirvana Films. Ogilvy &Mather were asked by Vodafone to create a series of 3D advertisements which could be aired each day during the IPL Season 2. They spent near Rs. 30 million to make these advertisements. The campaign created the buzz both in the traditional media as well as in social networking sites like Face book and Twitter and video sharing website, YouTube. Zoozoos are part of a unique and innovative advertisement strategy aimed at outdoing the strategies of Vodafone’s competitors. By the means of ZooZoo, Vodafone has tried to represent an image of the urban common man who is the main drive force behind the increased usage of telecom & VAS services in the tele-communication industry. Through ZooZoo characters they have tried to showcase how the various offers by Vodafone can be useful for an urban common man. What Vodafone did was they projected the usage of their VAS services through various advertisements based on different themes as per the product (VAS) that they were offering. The various services offered by Vodafone such as chota recharge, group SMS service, busy alert service, fashion tips, recharge anywhere, bhakti songs, stock alert, voice SMS etc were shown to the viewers not by normal advertisement ways but through some funny & catchy ZooZoo ads which were successful in immediately drawing the attention of urban population including all age groups. Each of the advertisement was specific to one particular VAS service & revolved around the same to make the customer understand the service. Because of the uniqueness & attractiveness of these Zoozoos, Vodafone was able to draw the attention of the audiences quickly towards these ads which became soon very popular & thus the VAS offered by Vodafone. The success of ZooZoo is the success of minimalism and simplicity. As a part of a unique and innovative advertisement strategy which was being tried for the first time in India, the ZooZoo also generated tremendous mass appeal through the internet. The ZooZoo campaign has been able to generate a lot of curiosity among the viewers. The fan club of ZooZoo touched to several million and various interactive quizzes came up in these days as evident in the wallpapers and screensavers in the cell phones. All these transformed into a great viral marketing event. Another important advantage is that it involves very low cost in the implementation of the ZooZoo campaign and this amount as compared with the benefits it generated was infinitesimal. There is no celebrity required as a brand ambassador, unlike the campaigns being run by its competitors like Airtel and Idea, which resulted in a dual advantage. ZooZoo advertisements helped Vodafone increase its customer base by 3.8 % in the 1st quarter of 2010. The reason behind the Zoozoos becoming so famous is its familiarity with the cartoons which people used to watch as kids and invokes pleasant memories and fantastical world people used to live as children. It also does not produce bias of any kind (class, creed, religion etc) and hence this advertising strategy of Vodafone has been able to capture the imagination of millions across the country. The ad campaigns have given Vodafone a new look that will go a long way in further improving its brand image. The commercials have hit the Indian market like storm and will now probably go into history as one of the most brilliant advertising idea for the industry and the results it achieved are instructive for marketers and advertising agencies. Vodafone has benefited immensely from this campaign as the Zoozoos have become a brand in themselves. The creativity in the advertisement campaign caught the attention and fancy of the consumers, aroused curiosity, told stories and made people retell the story. In their remarks about the brand, the campaign achieved a remarkable success. We are all familiar with the standard measures of advertising effectiveness — memorability, message comprehension, persuasion and likeability. However, getting people to talk and discuss the advertising gives it a multiplier effect that helps to reach and impact more people than before. As the media gets more cluttered and expensive and viewers get cynical about the message, there is a need for advertising to be spoken about to make the brand and it’s messaging more impactful. It is not just traditional 360 degrees integrated communication by using multiple media to bombard the consumers with the message. Rather effective advertisement is all about developing creative content that naturally lends itself into being talked about and thus gets present in multiple media. CREATIVE ADVERTISING IN DIGITAL WORLD As consumers spend more time online, they have more control over traditional advertising vehicles, and chose to create and share their own content. As a result, some advertisers are evolving to a confluence culture where traditional methods of work must adapt to embrace the new reality of interactive content, emerging media, and production/consumption methods. Confluence culture thus suggests that agencies as units and the advertising profession as a whole face numerous challenges to their traditional ways of operation as they grow and morph and react to cultural shifts, particularly when it comes to creativity and ideas. Interactive creativity is built around engagement, and it recognizes that people are inherently social and look to create and maintain relations not only with other people but also with brands. Brand stories, both in traditional media and online, provide ways for advertisers to engage consumers more deeply with their brands. An engagement perspective changes the view of a brand from a transactional perspective, in which a brand addresses a transient need, to an interactional perspective, by which the brand story becomes part of a person’s own story about him or herself. The act of consuming media online has become synonymous with the act of producing media. Many online users are not content with accessing and viewing or listening to content from established sources; rather, they want to interact with message content by adding to it or repurposing it for new and different uses. Some traditionally closed models of information distribution (e.g., Web pages) therefore have given way to new, open models. These new systems, including the social media sites Facebook, MySpace, and YouTube, enable consumers to distribute content that they create. Interactive creativity therefore involves providing consumers with the tools they need to be creative themselves. To promote its new line of coffees, McDonald’s developed a site where visitors could create their own coffee ring snowflakes. On the CNN site, consumers can select news headlines to make into t-shirts, branded with the CNN logo. In each of these settings, the brand becomes the base for the creative product, and the time spent on the sites during the creation process allows brand registration to occur. Participation suggests that brand stories actually are created and disseminated in a partnership between advertiser and consumer. Leaders in the confluence culture will be those creative strategists who have an understanding of all aspects of the advertising process and use creative skills to solve brand problems. These individuals-nimble, digital, and prepared for new challenges will be able to consider the stories people tell, craft resonant brand narratives, and help clients use these stories to connect people to brands in new and exciting ways. Agencies embracing the creative strategist approach will be poised to provide outstanding messages for clients, protect against economic downturns as clients embrace the value of such messages, and find even more innovative ways to communicate. CONCLUSION Creative Advertising comes with its own set of challenges, particularly when it comes to harnessing the power of creativity so that the message gets conveyed in an appropriate manner keeping the holistic vision of the brand into context. The real success of an ad campaign for its creativity can be measured by evaluating the sophistication level of below parameters: * Time and Space consumed * Superiority over competition * Distinguish Products * Influence customers * Was it Eye Catchy * Relate with the Values of Target Audiences Advertising is an exciting field and the industry is constantly changing to provide new challenges and creative problems to solve. The true test of creativity is the ability to adapt to change, and consistently find new and original solutions. Advertising is likely to play a crucial role in marketing products and services for the foreseeable future, but the opportunities offered by new technology and media provide a much broader canvas for advertisers and creative teams. REFERENCES 1. Marketing Management – Kotler, Keller, Koshy, Jha 2. Advertising in Rural India: Language, Marketing Communication, and Consumerism – Bhatia 3. What is Advertising? Advertising & Society Review 6, no. 3 (2005) 4. The fundamentals of Creative Advertising by Ken Burtenshaw, Nick Mahon & Caronine Banfot 5. Inclusive Branding by Klaus Schmidt & Chris Ludlon. 6. Zenith International Journal of Business Economics & Research 7. Rediff.com Business – The Magic of the Zoozoos 8. Wikipedia – Creative Strategies

Enzyme Case Study Essay

Procedures for Part A: For Activity A, we first tested enzyme activity. First, we used an H2O2 syringe to transfer 10 mL of H2O2 into an unlabeled 60-mL cup. Then, we used a transfer pipet to add one mL of catalase solution into the unlabeled 60-mL cup that we put H2O2 in. After that, we observed the solution for one minute. Then we tested the effect of boiling on enzyme activity. First we used a transfer pipet to transfer 4 mL of catalase into a test tube. After that, we placed the test tube filled with catalase in a boiling water bath for five minutes. While we were waiting, we rinsed the unlabeled cup we used earlier when we tested enzyme activity. Then we used a H2O2 syringe to transfer 10 mL of H2O2 into the rinsed unlabeled cup. After five minutes, we transferred 1 mL of the boiling catalase into the unlabeled cup with H2O2 in it with an unused transfer pipet and observed the results. After testing the effect of boiling on enzyme activity, we tested for catalase in living tissue. First, we rinsed the unlabeled 60 mL cup we used earlier. Then, we used a scalpel to cut a small piece of liver. After that, we macerated the piece of liver with a glass rod. When the liver was macerated enough, we put it in a cup with 10 mL of H2O2, which was transferred into the cup with a H2O2 syringe. Lastly, we observed the cup. Procedures for Part B: First, we used a clean syringe labeled H2O2 and filled it with H202. Then, we transferred the contents of the syringe into a 60 mL cup labeled Baseline. Second, we used the plastic transfer pipet to add 1 mL of distilled water and added it to the Baseline cup. Third, we used the syringe labeled H2O2 to add 10 mL of H2O2 and transfer that into the Baseline cup. Fourth, we gently swirled the contents of the Baseline cup to mix the solution. Then, we used the syringe labeled Transfer and removed 5 mL of the solution in the Baseline cup into the cup labeled Titration. Lastly, we titrated the 5 mL sample of the Baseline solution. To titrate the solution, we filled the titration syringe with 10 mL of KMnO4. Then, we added one drop of KMnO4 into the titration cup while gently swirling the contents of the cup until the purple color disappears. We repeated adding one drop of KMnO4 until the solution in the titration cup changed into a light brown color. Procedures for Part C: First, we lined up the 60 mL plastic cups labeled 10 sec, 30 sec, 60 sec, 120 sec, and 180 sec. Second, using a syringe, we transferred 10 mL of H2O2 into each cup. Third, we added 1 mL of catalase into the 10 sec cup, using a transfer pipet and gently swirled the contents of the cup. After 10 sec, we added 10 mL of H2O2 while gently swirling the contents of the cup. Then, we repeated the last 3 steps for each cup, but allowed the reactions to proceed for 30, 60, 120, and 180 second as assigned before adding the 10 mL of H2O2. After adding the H2O2 to all of the cups, we removed 5 mL of each solution of each cup and transferred it into a separate cup labeled titrate. Lastly, we titrated each cup filled with sample solution until each solution reaches endpoint.

Two-Way Prepositions Part 3

Two-Way Prepositions Part 3 Believe it or not, two German accusative/dative prepositions make yet another distinction that English does not! The common prepositions  an  and  auf  can both mean on or at but they differ in how they are applied to surfaces. If an object is on or near a vertical surface (a wall, a chalkboard, etc.), then usually the prepositionan  is used. If a horizontal surface (a tabletop, a floor, etc.) is involved, then  auf  is used to express on or at. Look at the illustrations below... Horizontal and Vertical ON or ATAN  (vertical) and  AUF  (horizontal) AN  Ã‚  VERTICAL -  SENKRECHT  Ã‚  die Wand   the wall​​ An  object  approachinga vertical surface.The accus. phrase an die Wandanswers the question  wohin? An  object  on or atthe wall.  (vertical surface)The dative phrase an der Wandanswers the question  wo?    AUF  Ã‚  HORIZONTAL -  WAAGERECHT  Ã‚  der Tisch   the table​ An  object  approachinga horizontal surface.The accus. phrase auf den Tischanswers the question  wohin? An  object  onthe table.  (horizontal surface)The dative phrase auf dem Tischanswers the question  wo? Now, if youve been paying attention, can you say what the dative prepositional phrase  an dem Tisch  or  am Tisch  means? Unlike  auf dem Tisch,  an dem Tisch  means at or next to the table. If you are sitting at the table, you are  am Tisch. If you are sitting on top of the table, you are  auf dem Tisch! German is being very consistent here. If you are talking about your location in relation to the vertical part of the table (the legs, etc.), then you use  an. If youre talking about your location in relation to the horizontal top of the table, then you use  auf. This logic also applies to expressions like  an der Donau  (on the Danube). The use of  an  refers to being on the edge of the river. If were actually on the Danube (in a boat), then were  auf der Donau. More Examples  (A accus., D dative)Here are some examples of the uses of  an  and  auf: wo?  an der Ecke  D - on/at the cornerwohin?  an die Ecke  A - to the cornerwo?  an der Grenze  D - on/at the borderwohin?  an die Grenze  A - to the borderwo?  am Rhein  D - on the Rhinewohin?  an den Rhein  A - to the Rhinewo?  auf dem Dach  D - on the roofwohin?  auf das Dach  A - onto the roof Idiomatic ExpressionsBesides their normal uses,  an  and  auf  are also used in many idiomatic expressions and verbal phrases. Here are some examples: auf der Bank  - at the bankjemandem auf der Tasche liegen  - to live off of someoneauf der Straße liegen  A - to be down and outjemanden an der Nase herumfà ¼hren  - to lead someone around by the nose, take them for a foolworan liegt das?  - whats the reason for that? Most of the other two-way prepositions are used in idiomatic expressions as well. Related Links The Four German CasesA guide to the four German cases: Accusative, Dative, Genitive and Nominative. Includes cases and the  two-way  prepositions. A guide to the many ways to say by in German. Prepositional PitfallsPotential problems and how to avoid them.

Brand Name - Definition, Examples, and Discussion

Brand Name s, and Discussion A brand name is a  name (usually a proper noun) applied by a manufacturer or organization to a particular product or service. Brand names are usually capitalized. In recent years bicapitalized names (such as eBay and iPod) have become popular.   A brand name may be used and protected as a trademark. In writing, however, its not  usually necessary to identify trademarks with the letters  TM. Examples and Observations Jacuzzi is a commercial brand, hot tub is the generic term; i.e., all Jacuzzis are hot tubs, but not all hot tubs are Jacuzzis.(Jim Parsons as Sheldon Cooper in The Toast Derivation. The Big Bang Theory, 2011)Computer users searching online for information say they are Googling. Commercials running in states like Michigan and Ohio suggest that shoppers go Krogering. But what will investors make of a campaign that proposes they start Vanguarding?The campaign, scheduled to begin this week, turns the Vanguard brand name into a verb, the better to help potential customers remember the company’s mutual funds and other investment products.(Stuart Elliott, The Verb Treatment for an Investment House. The New York Times, March 14, 2010) Key Attributes of a Brand Name According to Kapferer (2000, p. 112), the brands name is often revealing of the brands intentions. It is a powerful source of identity and helps to project the intended image of the product against the competition and in the process of positioning a brand in the minds of the target audience (Ries and Trout 1980). In overcrowded markets with narrower segments, brand names play a crucial role. Susannah Hart (1998, p. 34) of Interbrand suggests that the key attributes of a brand name are: A name itself need not necessarily convey objectives or associations. Freestanding names like Shell, Kodak and Sony dont actually suggest any attribute or benefit, whereas associative names like Pampers, Visa and Comfort do.(Micael Dahlà ©n, Fredrik Lange, and Terry Smith, Marketing Communications: A Brand Narrative Approach. Wiley, 2010)allows brands to become part of everyday life by enabling consumers to specify, reject or recommend brands;can communicate overtly (e.g., Rentokil) or subconsciously; andcan become a valuable asset as it functions as a legal device. Background of Brand Naming Brand naming has existed for centuries. Italians made watermarks on paper in the twelve-hundreds, During the industrial revolution, companies sought to inspire consumer confidence with names borrowed from their owners’ families: Singer sewing machines, Fuller brushes, Hoover vacuumsall names that are still in use. Before the First World War, there was a wave of abstract names ending in o (like Brillo and Brasso), followed, in the nineteen-twenties, by one of ex names: Pyrex, Cutex, Windex. But, according to Eric Yorkston, a marketing professor at Texas Christian University, modern brand namingwith its sophisticated focus groups and its linguistic and psychological analysisbegan in the years after the Second World War, when the explosion of similar products from competing companies made imaginative naming an increasing necessity.(John Colapinto, Famous Names. The New Yorker, October 3, 2011) Brand Names and Logos Australia is to become the world’s first country to ban logos and branding on cigarette packets, in a move tobacco companies say will increase the black market trade. . . .Plain packaging, which will be introduced from July 1st, 2012, will mean cigarette packets will all be the same color and carry large, graphic health warnings. The brand name will appear in a small font. The font style and size and the position of the brand will be uniform.​(Padraig Collins, Australia Will Be First Country to Ban Logos on Cigarette Packets. The Irish Times, March 24, 2010) Brand Names and Language Differences The impact of language differences must be understood if a brand name is to be successfully transferred since key elements of the marketing communication mix used to sell products, like brand names or advertising campaigns, are language based. . . . [W]e propose that when entering the Chinese market, three decision rules should be followed in order to successfully transfer a brand name to China: First, the brand name should accurately reflect the unique selling proposition or the basis of sustainable competitive advantage of the product/brand. Second, a successfully transferred brand name has a symbolic as well as a literal meaning: one that induces positive associations between the transferred brand and the preferred cultural practices or personal goals. Third, a successfully transferred brand name should be memorable; it should enter the evoked set with top of the mind recall.(Julie Mo, Jason McNicol, and Lance Eliot Brouthers, What Is in a Name? Transferring Brands to China. Marke ting in the 21st Century: New World Marketing, Vol. One, ed. by T. J. Wilkinson and A.R. Thomas. Greenwood, 2007) Also Known As: trade name

How to Become a Speech Language Pathologist

How to Become a Speech Language Pathologist Speech-language pathologists, also known as speech therapists, play a huge part in diagnosing, treating, and managing communication disorders (which include recovery from strokes, brain injuries, hearing loss, developmental disabilities, and autism). The speech-language pathologist career at a glance:The Day-to-DaySpeech-language pathologists can be found in a variety of medical and educational settings: hospitals, elementary and secondary schools, colleges and universities, health clinics, and private practice offices. They typically work a 9-to-5-type schedule in an office, seeing patients on an appointment basis. Speech-language may specialize in treating communication disorders in particular age groups, from children (including autism spectrum communication issues and developmental delays) to adults (including stroke recovery and degenerative diseases like Parkinson’s). This position also often includes research and study of speech disorders and treatment in addition to wo rking directly with patients.The RequirementsSpeech-language pathologists typically have a master’s degree in the field, plus licensing and clinical training. Licensing requirements vary by state, so be sure to check on your own state’s regulations for speech therapists.The SkillsSpeech-language pathologists require a number of special skills and knowledge bases, including:Healthcare management and administrationHuman communication processesProblem solvingCurrent medical technology and methodsPatient care and communicationHuman behavioral patternsThe PayPer the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median salary of speech-language pathologists is $71,550.The OutlookThis area is a fast-growing area of Allied Health, with the BLS predicting robust 21% growth.Interested?  Apply Here

Renewable Energy VS Fossil Fuel Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Renewable Energy VS Fossil Fuel - Research Paper Example There has also been question over the possibility of depletion of current fossil fuel reserves, fossil fuels are those that are not renewable, one they are exploited, they cannot be replenished. In this regard, there has been a concern to opt for other sources of energy that are renewable and can be used over and again without depletion. It is then construable that renewable sources of energy can provide a solution to the myriad of problems that comes with the fossil fuels and should be fast tracked to check on the challenges occasioned by overreliance on one source of fuels-fossil fuel The need to consider other sources of energy is even accentuated by the fact that fossil fuels that are not only non-renewable, they are also scarcely distributed and this brings more competition on the resource leading to the increase in the cost of using such sources of fuels. This move to opt for other sources of energy comes at a time when other countries fully depends on the production of the fos sil fuels to drive there economy. Notwithstanding, the move to consider alternative sources of fuel is aimed at easing the pressure that is mounted on the use of fossil fuel so that prices can be moderated while at the same time the environment is kept clean (Singh and Steven 21). As indicated in the first paragraph, fuels can be classified into renewable and non-renewable, fossil fuels fall under the category of non-renewable sources of fuels. There is a clear distinction between the sources of energy that one is able to identify and classify them owing to the nature of their formation. Different types of fuel that fall under either fossil or renewable, and each has its own distinct characteristics setting it apart from the other. Fossil fuels are those that emanate from changes in the atmosphere from the carboniferous era, they consist of Coal, Petroleum, and Natural gas, fossil fuels are made from the process of anaerobic decomposition of the organism that were buried long time. The dead buried organism will have to be subjected to intense heat and pressure which then results into the formation of the fossils fuels. It has to noted that for the organisms to turn into fossils fuels, the take millions of years underground, for instance, there are those that takes up to about 650 million years for the organisms to give fossil fuels. One of the characteristics of the fossil fuels that is notable is high percentage of carbon content, though the percentage of the carbon in the fuels to differ from one compound to the next. There content of carbon is the facilitating factor for the environmental pollution; on the other hand, renewable energy is that which originates from materials that receive continued replenishment from nature and include sunlight, tides among others. The fact that, renewable source of energy are spread in almost all the geographical regions makes it suitable for the production of sufficient energy to drive the economy unlike that of fossil fuel s that is only skewed to selected geographical areas. This make renewable source of energy to be a better alternative of reducing cost of the fuels, controlling pollution, and providing enough energy that can sustain the high demand that is in the offing. Given the nature of the renewable sources of energy, there is only modification and development of the sites for them to be harnessed, for example, in a river with a waterfall, the only development expected for the energy to be harnessed is fixation of the turbines and construction of the hydropower station. Advantages of the Fossil Fuel Fossil fuels that include coal, petroleum, and natural gas presents a plethora of

Bank law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Bank law - Essay Example The agent in possession of the said Nursing Home sold it and the proceeds were applied to reduction of the credit debt and no surplus accrued to benefit the other creditors and Narni. After the sale, no profit or income was derived by Narni. 2. Narni which runs the Carrum Nursing Home applied for overdraft facility with National Australia Bank. Pending formal approval of the application with limit of $65, 000.00, the Bank nevertheless honored the cheques drawn by Narni even though there were no funds to meet them since the account was regularly in debit. The bank refused to extend the overdraft facility to $100, 000.00 but supported Narni by honoring the cheques drawn despite lack of funds. The Court found that the "Bank and Narni conducted their business and arranged their affairs, from February 1989, on the basis that the approved overdraft of $65,000 was at best a nominal limit and that the Bank would tolerate surges well in excess of that limit in each monthly cycle. The bank ope rated and permitted the account to operate in a very flexible way so that the monthly surges far exceeded any such limit". The court also found that "Narni relied upon this attitude on the part of the Bank in the operation of its business, as the Bank officers knew". It was deduced from the facts that the Bank itself also enjoyed a benefit from this arrangement from the receipt of interest and other fees and by the retention of a satisfied customer. The Court found that it was a "term of this arrangement between the Bank and Narni that the Bank would not refuse to honour cheques drawn by it on the ground that the balance of the account exceeded the approved overdraft limit of $65,000." The correctly held that it was an implied term of the arrangement that the Bank could not terminate or vary it without giving the customer reasonable notice so as to allow time for it to arrange its affairs to comply. Furthermore, they must have regard to the fact that cheques, which had been previous ly drawn and delivered may have to be honoured under the pre?existing arrangement in place at the time they were drawn and delivered. The implication of such a term is an incident of the arrangement between the Bank and its customer because the Bank knew that Narni was dependent upon it. As aptly held by the court, " there was no warning of dishonor from the bank and this act was relied upon by Narni and giving rise to overdraft extension. Narni was dependent for its cash flow upon the accommodation of the bank in excess of the agreed limit given by the Bank." In the case of Joachimson v Swiss Bank Corporation [1921] 3 KB 110 CA, it was held that the following are considered implied terms: a). The bank will receive the customer’s deposits and collect his or her cheques; b). The bank will comply with written orders (i.e. cheques) issued by its customers assuming there is sufficient credit tin the account; c). The bank will repay the entire balance on the customers demand at th e account holding branch during banking hours -as was also held in Libyan Arab Foreign Bank v Bankers Trust [1989] AC 80 PC for the application for the terms in relation to UK banks; d). The bank will give reasonable notice before closing a customer’s account if it is in credit; e). the customer will take reasonable care when writing cheques (Topic 1, n.d.). Implied terms are extra terms read into contracts by the courts in order to give effect to statutory requirements and common law presumptions (Robinson, 2009). Implied

Q3-4-5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Q3-4-5 - Essay Example Industry partnerships also come in shape when organizations are socially robust, having a strong backbone of top executives with respect to size, presence and connections (Kathleen M. Eisenhardt & Claudia Bird Schoonhoven, 1996). To be specific, there are three major aspects of partnerships: foundation, formation, and structural preferences. The ‘foundation’ for partnership implies to the likelihood of organizations to add value to the overall business by their shared resources. When we say ‘formations’, it refers to properties such as limitation of convenience and commutability. By structural preferences we mean the types of ventures, which can be equity joint ventures, minority equity alliances, bilateral contract-based alliances, and unilateral contract-based alliances (T. K. Das & Bing-Sheng Teng, 2000). Strategic business partnerships enable organizations to achieve competitive advantage through access to shared resources. These shared resources may be based on potential markets, technology, capital, or human resources. As organizations have to input less individually, their goals are more focused thus leading to improved performance. Partnering organizations share their limited resources and business responsibilities as per the availability and expertise to expedite the process. It’s best to focus one’s resources on what they do the best and partner for the rest. Mostly those companies agree to work together which have same goal but lack in certain areas, let it be budgets, human resources, or technical expertise yet having same set of goals or share same purpose of existence. A research company Trendsetter Barometer, PWC states that â€Å"nearly 2/3 of fast-growing companies are involves in strategic alliances. In average, each fast-growing company is engaged in 5 different types of strategic alliances may it be related to joint marketing & promotion, joint selling or distribution, technology licenses,

Promise and peril Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Promise and peril - Essay Example Though many studies have been conducted on pay-for-performance, not much has been investigated on managers’ pay-for-performance implementation strategies. Managers usually face potential problems in their attempt to implement pay-for-performance programmes. Under pay-for-performance plans, significant effort of the management is focused on motivating employees at the expenses of other tasks relevant for organisational growth. However, the proponents of pay-for-performance argue that intelligent design of the plans remains crucial for evading implementation challenges for pay-for-performance programmes. There is need for training on how to effectively implement pay-for-performance programs. According to the authors, it is essential to gain adequate knowledge of the scenario under which pay-for-performance implementation is taking place in order to develop an unbiased understanding of the topic. Using HP case studies, Beer and Cannon discovered that the management used pay-for-performance as extra inducement to achieve higher employee performance. While creating a line between individual employees or teams in terms of performance so as to maintain fairness, the challenge of attaining desirable results becomes evident, especially when it is essential for teams or individuals to work together. In their article, the authors argue that managers abandoned their pay-for-performance plans because they perceived the programmes to bear more costs than benefits to the

Carbon Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Carbon Market - Essay Example The "EU Emissions Trading Scheme" turned into a failure, because the energy consumption went down and with it the demand to obtain permits. On the other hand industries attempted to increase their turnover selling the unused permits to other companies. What is more, the green energy projects have spotted producing the desires effect. The author is asking what would be an adequate price for the carbon emissions. NASA climate scientist observes that for him proposing the right cost will determinate if we as humans can cope with the irreversible climate changes that we have caused. The author comments that there are numerous ways to put a value on carbon. One of them is to calculate what will be the cost per tonne to diminish the emissions. Another approach is "the social cost of carbon". This method estimates the damage price to the atmosphere for a lifetime. The World Bank conducted experiments with this method as well as Dutch government and UK treasury. However, they all variable are taken into consideration the estimation tremendously vary from 35 GBP to 140 GBP per tonne. Another technique is the "shadow price of carbon". This one estimates factors like willingness to pay for the reduction of carbon emissions. All those approaches have their advantages and disadvantages. Unfortunately, all of them share a common shortcoming which the author calls "the paradox of environmental economics". In fact what is done is that people put price on the catastrophic and harmful carbon dioxide. They put price on killing the environment. This is the market solution failure to the environmental issue. Governments have to spend and invest more money on renewable energy and this should be done as an economic stimulus. For example the UK has spent more than 20% of its gross domestic product to enhance the financial sector and only 0,0083% on green projects. Price mechanism to control the carbon emissions is imperfect and unworkable solution. The author is asking the rhetorical questions, if we could find a doable one. He hasn't find it as yet, but he is open to suggestions and commentaries. In this article the author tries to show that "carbon trading" is the biggest trading commodity. Unfortunately, carbon trading does not offer a feasible solution with the problem of global warming. I agree with the author in that the governments should invest more in renewable resources, than collecting money from heavy industries which produce the damaging emissions. However, there is no proper solution for this environmental issue. Non-governmental and non-profit organizations have appealed for a long time that immediate actions must be taken for reducing the carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Government should receive financial incentives to apply the green agenda. Trading emissions in fact made some companies acquire monetary benefits out of polluting the air less. What happens is that companies which have successfully met the emission target and have surplus of carbon units might want to sell those to companies that fall short. So instead of following the proper way of obtaining the permit and pay extra, companies swap carbon certificates with no additional price involved. An action welcomed by most of the countries was the commencement of Kyoto protocol. With this the world was divided into two - who countries that make the effort and change the existing infrastructure to pollute less

Interpretive planning Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Interpretive planning - Research Proposal Example in the first section, and in the second section, I have intended to chose one main type of interpretive media from each site as brochures and other Media advertisement strategies in NPA and the online ad placing and feed back forum advertisement in eBay ,and so on, and to assess their effectiveness as interpretive media for the public, and indicate their strengths and weaknesses. When the concept of interpretation is taken it can be explained with two of its attributes as philosophy and theory. Interpretive philosophy. Interpretation in very common term can be seen as just one discipline among many communication disciplines, with each having its own strengths and weaknesses. Our duty is to pick the best in the given. According to Freeman Tilden, who is referred to as the father of interpretation, it is an educational activity that reveals the meaning and relationships by using original objects, first hand experience and illustrative media, rather than simply serving to communicate factual information. To put it in a nutshell ,and assembling all the important elements that forms the keys to successful interpretation is by explaining inter-relationships, enriching visitors' experiences, and interpretation is an ART and not a science. ( Van Matre, 1990 ) When looked upon Philosophy of interpretation , it can be said that it is the parameters in the field interpretive program. As per Tilden interpretation is enrichment for the areas of communication. It can be discussed with three parameters as , (Beck, L & Cable, T 1998) Extension is a process that involves teaching and information flow for a specific outcome of process . Environmental education can be described as the process that helps in recognising values and clarifying concepts ,that would help to develop skills and attitudes necessary to understand and appreciate the interrelatedness among people, their culture and their biophysical surroundings'. Public relations According to Fazio and Gilbert PR could be easily explained as an important mode of communication , whose success in great scale attributes to the managements success. Theory in interpretation-underlying theory is an successful interpretation followed by effective planning helps us to achieve the particular goal. As explained earlier ,interpretation is neither a pure science nor a pure art., so as a result interpretive theory draws on a range of theories with them, with the three main things being, communication, ,recreation theory and the third education theory. (McArthur, S 1998) Communication theory : Communication is the key for any management success and there are different methods and different media whose prime target is to gain empathy with the target public. Recreation theory While communication theory is about 'how' to send the message to the target audience, Recreation theory

Carbon Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Carbon Market - Essay Example The "EU Emissions Trading Scheme" turned into a failure, because the energy consumption went down and with it the demand to obtain permits. On the other hand industries attempted to increase their turnover selling the unused permits to other companies. What is more, the green energy projects have spotted producing the desires effect. The author is asking what would be an adequate price for the carbon emissions. NASA climate scientist observes that for him proposing the right cost will determinate if we as humans can cope with the irreversible climate changes that we have caused. The author comments that there are numerous ways to put a value on carbon. One of them is to calculate what will be the cost per tonne to diminish the emissions. Another approach is "the social cost of carbon". This method estimates the damage price to the atmosphere for a lifetime. The World Bank conducted experiments with this method as well as Dutch government and UK treasury. However, they all variable are taken into consideration the estimation tremendously vary from 35 GBP to 140 GBP per tonne. Another technique is the "shadow price of carbon". This one estimates factors like willingness to pay for the reduction of carbon emissions. All those approaches have their advantages and disadvantages. Unfortunately, all of them share a common shortcoming which the author calls "the paradox of environmental economics". In fact what is done is that people put price on the catastrophic and harmful carbon dioxide. They put price on killing the environment. This is the market solution failure to the environmental issue. Governments have to spend and invest more money on renewable energy and this should be done as an economic stimulus. For example the UK has spent more than 20% of its gross domestic product to enhance the financial sector and only 0,0083% on green projects. Price mechanism to control the carbon emissions is imperfect and unworkable solution. The author is asking the rhetorical questions, if we could find a doable one. He hasn't find it as yet, but he is open to suggestions and commentaries. In this article the author tries to show that "carbon trading" is the biggest trading commodity. Unfortunately, carbon trading does not offer a feasible solution with the problem of global warming. I agree with the author in that the governments should invest more in renewable resources, than collecting money from heavy industries which produce the damaging emissions. However, there is no proper solution for this environmental issue. Non-governmental and non-profit organizations have appealed for a long time that immediate actions must be taken for reducing the carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Government should receive financial incentives to apply the green agenda. Trading emissions in fact made some companies acquire monetary benefits out of polluting the air less. What happens is that companies which have successfully met the emission target and have surplus of carbon units might want to sell those to companies that fall short. So instead of following the proper way of obtaining the permit and pay extra, companies swap carbon certificates with no additional price involved. An action welcomed by most of the countries was the commencement of Kyoto protocol. With this the world was divided into two - who countries that make the effort and change the existing infrastructure to pollute less

Learning styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Learning styles - Essay Example †¢ Visual-spatial-usually reflects in by means of physical space, they are responsive to their environments. They draw complete puzzles, study maps, and daydream. They can be educated through drawings, oral and physical imagery. Tools used include graphics, television, models, photographs, video conferencing video, drawings, multimedia 3-D modeling, etc.†¢ Visual-spatial-usually reflects in by means of physical space, they are responsive to their environments. They draw complete puzzles, study maps, and daydream. They can be educated through drawings, oral and physical imagery. Tools used include graphics, television, models, photographs, video conferencing video, drawings, multimedia 3-D modeling, etc.†¢ Bodily-kinesthetic-utilize body effectively, like a surgeon or a dancer.   Awareness of the body .they like touching, movement, and making things. They communicate through body language, and they learn using physical activity, acting out hands-on learning and role-p laying. Tools used are real objects and equipment.†¢ Musical-sensitive to sound and rhythm. They like music and are sensitive to all sounds in their surroundings. They study well with music in the surroundings. They learn by turning classes into lyrics, tapping out time and talking rhythmically. Tools used include music, stereo, multimedia, musical instruments and CD-ROM.†¢ Interpersonal-interacting and understanding other people. Learning takes place through interaction; students have several friends and compassion for others. They learn through dialogues, group activities, and seminars. Tools used include video conferencing, audio conferencing, writing, E-mail, the telephone computer conferencing and attention from the tutor.†¢ Intrapersonal-involves considering one’s own goals and interest. These students regress from others, they are in harmony with their feelings.

Restaurant Review Essay Example for Free

Restaurant Review Essay Toronto, with a population of 5.5 million people, is the largest, modern and culturally diverse city in Canada. As it is one of the most multicultural cities on earth, no other city has this unique international atmosphere than the Greater Toronto Area. There are presently over 140 languages and dialects spoken in Toronto and because of these reasons, many immigrants choose to live in this beautiful city. It is certain that the increase in immigrants will definitely bring a positive impact to the local food industry. There are many different kinds of restaurants that are located in the city of Toronto; such as family style, country style, Western, Chinese, Korean, and etc. One of the most astonishing restaurants I have visited is called Kinton Ramen. Kinton Ramen is located in the city of Toronto, at 51 Baldwin Street. Kinton Ramen is an authentic Japanese noodle bar restaurant that specializes in traditional Japanese alcoholic drinks and Ramen. The traditional flavour of the restaurant can be seen beyond the vast array of menu items into its atmosphere and decors. This 46 seats restaurant was opened in May 2012 and has become a landmark on Baldwin Street for those customers who are looking for traditional Japanese Ramen. Kinton Ramen was established by the owners of the â€Å"Guu† Japanese bar restaurant chain and is being operated independently by the Kinton Ramen group. Read more: Restaurant Review Essay Kinton Ramen utilizes online mediums and word of mouth as their marketing strategies. Through using online mediums such as online blog and Facebook, it has enabled the restaurant to connect and interact with new customers from the internet, and has also allowed the restaurant to build relationships with existing customers. For example: After you have finished a bowl of Ramen, the sever may invite you to take a photo that would be posted on Facebook; in which you would be identified as a Kinton Bowler (optional). Additional reasons that contribute to Kinton Ramen’s success would be word of mouth from customers. I came to know about this unique Japanese noodle bar located on Baldwin Street from my friends. After visiting to Kinton Ramen, I found there are three elements that lead Kinton Ramen’s success are consistency, efficiency, and excellent customer service. I have visited the restaurant for more than five times, and the food items have been consistent and delicious. As mentioned before, Kinton Ramen is a 46 seats restaurant, consequently seats are very limited. Hence, the Kinton Ramen group takes the time control very seriously. Orders are usually prepared within 5 to 10 minutes after being placed by customer. In addition to the restaurant’s efficient service, Kinton Ramen offers excellent hospitality services. Kinton Ramen staff members will enthusiastically greet all customers and because of their team spirit and all warm-hearted service attitudes, they have created an enjoyable surrounding for their customers. As a final point, Kinton Ramen is an excellent Japanese noodle bar restaurant. They are not only selling delicious food and beverage items, but also offer enthusiastic customer service. These reasons undeniably are making me to go their restaurant more often.

A Swot Analysis Of Google Android Computer Science Essay

A Swot Analysis Of Google Android Computer Science Essay The Google EFFECT Google is counted as one of the most reputed and respected companies of this era. The fact that Google is behind the Android OS platform gives it a great sense of credibility and viability in the eyes of the consumers, potential partners, and application developers. Furthermore Androids team has all the possible resources from Google such as financial, intellectual to make it a major player in the mobile industry. Device Options As oppose to the Apple iPhone where one doesnt have any options for mobile device vendor other than Apple, the Android OS is an open-source and any Mobile manufacturer who wishes to use Android can do so on their mobile device. This feature provides the consumers a large number of options from which to choose from and also decreasing the time to use the new and latest hardware and technological advancement in micro electronics. Competitive Pricing The Android platform is very cost effective to develop as it is an open source platform and the licensing arrangements are hassle free for the hardware manufacturer. Thus, handsets using the Android platform are priced very suitably. Google applications and services integration As the Android platform includes a number of the Google services and applications as its core functionality only to reinforce its capability and effectiveness. Google services such as GMAIL, Calendar, Listen, Reader, GPS, Maps and many others integrate effortlessly with the Android platform thus making it trouble-free for users to synchronize their data from one platform to the other. Moreover it also a competitive edge on its rivals in the internet search and you tube as Google is the leader in these fields Open Source The Android platform is built from a Linux using the JAVA programming. One can search on google to find all the essential information and source code one needs to manufacture an Android compatible device. Moreover, Android is an integral part of the Open Handset Alliance which is a cartel working together to develop Android as a free mobile platform system. WEAKNESSES Multimedia Support As oppose to Apple iPhone which has the extremely popular iTunes application and marketplace, Android doesnt have a fundamental or organized source of neither multimedia data nor an integrated multimedia player. Although there have been constant improvements in the field of apps on the Android platform, but still at this time there is no place to go that comes remotely close to what Apple is offering on this front. Reliance on device manufacturers to upgrade -Unlike, Apple controls when and how iPhone costumers will get new hardware and software upgrades and upgrades core functionality. On the other hand even when google releases a newer android version the costumers still have to wait till the device manufacturers of their respective devices comprehensively test and adapt to the new code to make sure that it works fine on their hardware configuration. Google is working on this issue according to their announcements, as they plan to integrate more of their core features of their services into the Android Operating System itself. Less Mature Android is not as established or as refined as the iPhones OS at this point, But constant improvement is seen with every new release of the android, still a lot more is required to reach the same level of sophistication as the Apple IPhone. Lack of Enterprise Support Blackberry and Microsoft still have most of their support from Enterprise usage. Although Android has made some inroads in this market, but Android still has very small market share here. It needs to continue developing Google Applications and better its integration abilities with Microsoft Exchange to gain market share. OPPORTUNITIES The Android Operating System has an amazing opportunity to get into the Tablet market right now. Google cannot afford to play a waiting game watch Apple take over the tablet market and eat up major chunk of the market share as it had done before with the release of iphone. An Android based tablet is a fantastic opportunity if executed properly. There have been quite a few inconsequential releases of Android tablets over the last year, but none of them are what someone would consider a noteworthy product. Either Google itself or a big name such as HP, Sony, Dell, ASUS, ACER need to release an amazing Android tablet in order to get a huge market share. Not to forget Samsung galaxy tab with android is good but still more sophistication is required to beat apples I pad Developer Friendly Unlike the recent actions of Apple which has alienated the developer community by distancing with them. Moreover the development tools of Iphone are difficult to use and the application approval process seems to be terribly subjective at times. This makes iPhone application development very tedious and non rewarding for developers On the other hand developing for Android is very open and hassle free for the developer as Android development tools use Java and even C/C++. This allows developers to write applications for Android using languages they already know and widely used. Furthermore Android Software development kit also provides an emulator so that application developers can test their applications without relying on the physical hardware. Google needs to take this opportunity and help developers for their efforts through better advertising revenue and app sales into financial gains for the developer. Developing Countries Google has an opportunity to develop cheaper devices using Android platform in developing countries of Asia and Africa. The licensing for android is exceptionally manufacturer friendly and the start up cost is considerably less when compared to other mobile operating systems. The integration with so many of Googles other free services it would be a sure success in these markets. Smart phone market on the rise The smart phone market is still very young and there is huge scope of growth to take place over the next several years to a decade. The market for smart phone apps will benefit from growth of nearly 50% in 2011, according to new research. The International Data Corporation (IDC) Worldwide Quarterly Mobile Phone Tracker estimates that the worldwide smart phone market is expected to increase 49.2% in 2011, growing more than four times faster than the overall mobile phone market( Kay Ewbank, 2011, http://www.i-programmer.info/news/83-mobliephone/2203-smartphone-survey.html)   Ã‚  . The integration of cloud computing applications and services to support the Android OS is the key to a maintained growth rate and increased market share potential for the Android operating system. Embedded electronic devices The Android OS is perfectly poised to be the major player in the embedded electronic devices market as a leader in embedded devices operating system. With upsurge of new devices becoming embedded with smart technologies and connectivity to the mobile networks and the internet, the Android OS is in position to be the leader in this segment. THREATS Apple dominance The biggest threat to google android is the Iphone and its ever growing popularity with the consumers as it has more smoother and sophisticated interface. Moreover Apples bigger market share gives them an influence over developers who like a revenue model that works for them. The ever growing Apple market share allows them to charge users for access to premium content. Apples recent policy changes shows its influence over developers and makes their huge market share very difficult to walk away from, even when they adopt very unfriendly developer policies. Increased Competition Obviously, companies like RIM Blackberry and Microsoft are not going to let go of their market share. In particular,  the Blackberry platform which has very huge support in the enterprise market. Moreover Nokia is also not giving up their hopes on the symbian platform and might cause an upset to androids hopes of capturing the market if they develop a new and sophisticated smart phone interface which provides their customers the ease of access for which Nokia is known for. Platform Fragmentation This is a huge threat to the Android platform. Although I have listed the more options of hardware devices as strength above, the risk of fragmentation is real as well. This is why Google is committed to developing ways to reduce this problem. Google does not want different custom version of Android to emerge from their basic platform, which is something we saw with Linux. This was one of the primary reasons for linux not making to the big leagues when comparing the market shares. As Google itself controls the Android Market so they have considerable influence over device manufacturers to meet their compatibility requirements. Financial Implications Google android is an open source Operating system for mobile phone and embedded electronic devices so at this time there are no direct financial implications for Google at the moment as still most of the apps on its marketplace are free. But as android becomes more popular Google can charge android users for different apps available on its market place. Although what Google wants to do is to make sure that there is an open source mobile OS large enough in the market for its advertising business. Google is not about selling Android devices. Google is all about search and advertising. Google is doing a pretty good job of it if we see the numbers. Last year alone Android accounted for over $130 million from marketing revenues on android out of its total $850million from mobile advertising, which is good for $5.90 average revenue per user. Furthermore Google is expecting to reap up $1.3 Billion from its advertisement revenues from android in 2012 at $ 9.85 average revenue per user with about 133 million android users by then. Moreover Google is expecting to reach over 300,000 Android activations per day very soon, which will also help them to reach the goals set by Google CEO Eric Schmidt for android to become a $10 billion business with 1 billion users of the platform, at $10 Average Returns Per Unit. Future looks to be bright Android Os Though Android is a young Mobile Os and is still improving with its newer releases so it can be said that it is in a stage of Growth, this statement can be supported by a Gartner Survey which expects Android to reach about 30 % of total market share by 2014. As Android all ready Commands about 29 % of smart phone market according to the latest data released by Neilsen and have already surpassed RIMs market share so it is on the right track to dominate the overall mobile market in the near future. Moreover overall smart phone market is also on the rise as it is expected by The International Data Corporation (IDC) Worldwide Quarterly Mobile Phone Tracker estimates that the worldwide smart phone market is expected to increase 49.2% in 2011, growing about four times quicker than the overall mobile phone market. Furthermore According to Googles CEO Eric Schmidt they are combining their Platforms for mobile phones (gingerbread) and tablets (honeycomb) together and make it in to one OS for both kinds of devices. In conclusion I feel that Android is perfectly poised for capturing a huge market share and should help googles advertising revenues a lot in the near future, as it has all the necessary features required to be one of the best Operating System in its category.

English Revolution :: European Europe History

English Revolution The history of the English Revolution from 1649 to 1660 can be briefly told. Cromwell's shooting of the Levellers at Burford made a restoration of monarchy and lords ultimately inevitable, for the breach of big bourgeoisie and gentry with the popular forces meant that their government could only be maintained either by an army (which in the long ran proved crushingly expensive as well as difficult to control) or by a compromise with the surviving representatives of the old order. But first there were still tasks to be done. (1) There was the conquest of Ireland, the expropriation of its landowners and peasantry - the first big triumph of English imperialism and the first big defeat of English democracy. For the petty bourgeoisie of the Army, despite the warnings of many of the Leveller leaders, allowed themselves to be distracted from establishing their own liberties in England and, deluded by religious slogans, to destroy those of the Irish. Many of them set up as landed proprietors in Ireland. (The Leveller revolt of 1649 had been occasioned by the refusal of many of the rank and file to leave for Ireland, for that meant violating their Engagement of 1647 not to divide until the liberties of England were secure.) (2) There was the conquest of Scotland, necessary to prevent a restoration of the old order thence; Scotland was opened up to English traders by political union. (3) A forward commercial policy was undertaken with the Navigation Act of 1651, the basis of England's commercial prosperity in the next century. This aimed at winning the carrying trade of Europe for English ships, and at excluding all rivals from trade with England's colonies. It led to a war with the Dutch, who had monopolised the carrying trade of the world in the first half of the seventeenth century. For in that period the royal policy had frustrated all attempts of the bourgeoisie to throw the resources of England into an effective struggle for this trade. In this war, thanks to Blake's fleet and the economic strength the Republican Government was able to mobilise, England was victorious. (4) An imperialist policy needed the strong Navy which Charles had failed to build up, and under Blake the Commonwealth began to rule the waves to some purpose; war in alliance with France against Spain brought Jamaica and Dunkirk to England. (5) The

Economic Course Work Essay

The market demand (red line) for oil is highly inelastic, and a large change in price only has a small impact on demand for oil. In essence, you will not drive twice as fast because oil is cheaper, nor can you easily switch from using one type of fuel to another(petrol to diesel) just because its price has changed to be cheaper. The supply of oil is relatively inelastic. This is because investment in the production facilities leads to an increase in supply, but the cost of pumping out the oil is relatively the same (Hillier, 2005). It will cost an oil production facility roughly the same amount to produce at half or full capacity. Maintenance and repairs will only be done if the price of oil is high. In essence, we can say that a small change in the demand and supply curve causes a larger change in the clearing price of oil in Russia. As the cost if oil goes up, the Bus fares will increase as transporters will try to recover the remaining cost from the passenger, thus reducing the demand for buses. This in turn will lead to passengers demanding more of the train services which are not affected by the rise in oil price, thus the shift in the demand curve to the right. Indicating a demand for trains. During world the demand for oil was low, thus the downward shift of the demand curve from D1 to D2. This was a result of consumers looking for alternative sources of fuel energy, since the price for oil was high. Also during the recess, due to the recession, the price of oil went up, thus the upward shift of the supply curve from S1 to S2. The high prices led to more production, thus more supply to capitalize on the prevailing high market prices of oil. iv) Use a demand and supply diagram to show what happens to oil prices when the UK adopts energy efficiency measures and invests in wind and solar energy There will be less demand for oil from the British as they will look for alternative means for energy, thus the downward shift of the demand curve from D1 to D2. Thus further development in alternative energy resources means that there is spread of technology thus the equivalent point shifts to the left. v) What happens to oil prices if high economic growth continues in India and China. India and china are following the traditional economic growth path which requires huge oil production and use. Since the national resources are limited, large scale of imports are necessary. Larger demands, higher price, higher expectation to prices attracts speculators to buy more of the oil, which creates the bubble, higher prices of oil due to increased demand (Copeland et al, 2005). 2. Use demand and supply analysis consider what factors on the demand side and which on the supply side will influence oil prices over the next few years? (50 marks) Prospects in the world economy. The world populations is increasing daily, signaling an increase in the demand for oil to meet some of the basic life energy needs . It is estimated that the population of India and China will grow by 8. 4% and 10% respectively. This alone is a big market (demand) for oil (Market Avenue, 2008). Thus this will affect the price of oil, as the demand will increase, thus a rise in the price of oil. Technological development. The world oil supply will improve with new technologies being propagated everyday to ensure more but efficient production and distribution of oil to the markets. This will lead to more efficient and environmentally friendly oil facilities that will increase the supply of oil at a global level (Market Avenue, 2008). As a result, the price of oil will go up in proportion to the investments put in place to do the renovations and maintenances of the oil production facilities. Global economic political situation as with Iran nuclear issue, in as much as Iran has high reserves oil and gas, it is has a nuclear development programme that is looking at using nuclear technology as an alternative to oil and gas. This has prompted political debates impasse, and sanctions as regards the future of energy resources in the world. Reports by Market Avenue (2008) shows that this affects the price of oil in the sense that Iran has the second largest oil reservoir, next to Saudi Arabia, and thus have a greater control over how their international relations plays out with the world super powers and the OPEC to regulate the supply and price of oil. According to Biswajit et al (2007), alternatives to oil, there are increasing alternatives to oil as a source of energy. Many other alternatives like, solar, propane, nuclear energy, bio diesel, hydrogen, battery and ethanol. All these are alternatives to oil that have been proven to work. Even though their use is still small scale compared to oil, they are emerging as good alternatives oil use. This affects the future of oil use globally as they tend to be more environmentally friendly and cheaper than oil. 3. Describe the structure of the world motor car industry (25 marks) The first producer of a petrol engine driven car was Karl Benz, 1885 Mannheim Germany. Over the years many inventions and different models of cars have come. These include brand names such as Toyota, Hyundai, Range Rovers, Mercedes Benz, Nissan just to mention a few. Globally there are many producers of cars. For ease of reference they have been ranked by country. In the top ten we have China, Japan, USA, Germany, South Korea, Brazil, India, Spain, France, and Mexico respectively. The top ten brand names include Toyota, General Motors, Volkswagen, Ford, Hyundai, PSA, Honda, Nissan, Fiat and Suzuki. This is relation to the number if volumes of vehicles the produced in 2009. Depending on the regions, various cars manufacturers have a specific share in the markets in which they operate in. Example is that Thailand is today, already the second largest globally, pick-up truck market after the U. S. and is ASEAN’s largest automotive market and assembler. In her report, Global Automobile Industry: Changing with Times , Chithra Gopal R. S. , M. Sc (Agri), says that in Thailand today all leading Japanese car producers as well as BMW, Mercedes Benz, General Motors, Ford, Volvo and Peugeot assemble cars along with their legions of suppliers. The country has become the main production base for auto- mobile exports in South East Asia. One of the biggest foreign producers located in Thailand is Toyota with a production totaling more than 300,000 vehicles a year and the number is having an upward trend. General Motors (GM), although a much smaller player in Thailand than Toyota, is also increasing production. The other big auto companies located in Thailand are Isuzu, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Auto Alliance, Honda etc. In recent years, BMW and Daimler Chrysler (Mercedes-Benz) have also increased their investments to gain complete control on local manufacturing and marketing operations, indicating that the auto mobile industry in Thailand has the structure of perfect competition (Biswajit et al. 2007). References Biswajit, N. , Saikat, B. &Rittwik, C. (2007). Asia-Pacific Research and Training Network on Trade Working Paper Series, No. 37, July 2007. Retrieved on 21 August, 2010. From: http://www. unescap. org/tid/artnet/pub/wp3707. pdf. Case, K. & Fair, R. (1999). Principles of Economics, 5th Ed. New York: Prentice-Hall. Copeland, A. , Wendy, D. & Hall, G. (2005). Prices, Production and Inventories, Over The Automotive Model Year, Working Paper 11257, NBER Hillier, B. (2005). The Macroeconomic Debate. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 7-85. Market Avenue (2008). Major Factors Affecting World Oil Market in 2008. Retrieved on 21 August, 2010. From: (http://www. marketavenue. cn/upload/articles/ARTICLES_1422. htm Parkin, M. & Bade, R. (1982). Modern Macroeconomics. Indiana University press Philip, A & Fischer, S. 1980. Rational Expectations and Economic Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press http://www. tradingtoday. com/26-oil-supply-demand, http://www. eco-action. org/dt/oilfut. html).

John Dewey And Education Education Essay

The thoughts of the great American philosopher, John Dewey, transformed the American instruction system. While all Dewey did was merely use some of his pragmatist philosophical ideals to the schoolroom, the consequences of his work changed instruction everlastingly. In the short essay, â€Å" My Pedagogic Creed, † Dewey gives his readers great insight into his thoughts sing what instruction is, how it should be done, and why it ‘s of import. Today, he is considered a â€Å" male parent of instruction † and his positions are being adapted in all kinds of ways in schoolrooms around the universe. Dewey foremost stood out by rejecting the traditional ideal of American instruction which was built around instructors standing up in the forepart of the schoolroom and pouring information into the heads of their pupils. Alternatively, Dewey suggested a new signifier of instruction that utilised applicable experience as the cardinal component of larning. Thesis sentences her e John Dewey embodies many of the matter-of-fact ideals that define American doctrine. He was born around the clip that Charles Darwin ‘s Origin of Species book came out, so the arguments environing that subject had a monumental influence on his doctrine. Along with many other American philosophers of Dewey ‘s clip, such as Charles Sanders Peirce, there was a desire to react to these new finds in evolutionary scientific discipline and happen out how they related to doctrine. Dewey believed that cognition was best discovered through the scientific method. As I will subsequently speak about, this is nowhere more prevailing than in Dewey ‘s theoretical account for instruction in which he defaults to hands-on experience and enquiry as the paramount key to larning. Traveling out into the existent universe and holding a unrecorded experience that could be tested and criticized by others in order to come on to something better was indispensable to Dewey ‘s position and a foundational belief of many American pragmatists. In the eyes of Dewey, instruction and life were one in the same. Dewey is quoted as stating, â€Å" instruction is a procedure of life and non a readying for future life † ( 8, My Pedagogic Creed ) . A proper instruction of the person was indispensable to the operation and growing of that person and the society they lived in, as school was foremost a â€Å" societal establishment. † School was to be centered on the community and the pupil was being developed in school so they could be an active member of the community. Dewey advocated that what a kid does in their place life should be incorporated into the course of study in the schoolroom. Besides for Dewey, the pupil had to be invested in their instruction for it to intend anything. The manner that he suggested this be accomplished was to allow the pupils learn about something they were interested in. An instruction could merely be valuable if the pupil was larning stuff that they could really use to their existent mu ndane life as evidenced by Dewey ‘s quotation mark, â€Å" True instruction comes through the stimulation of the kid ‘s powers by the demands of the societal state of affairss in which he finds himself † ( 2, My Pedagogic Creed ) . Dewey believed that instruction was a procedure of find where pupils would analyze what they were interested in at their ain gait as they were bit by bit going more cognizant of where their involvements laid. Dewey ‘s instruction system is possibly most good known for how it stresses the importance of â€Å" custodies on † experience in the acquisition procedure. Dewey believed that people learned best by traveling out and interactively â€Å" making. † Out were the yearss where instructors would talk on facts and information, coercing their thoughts onto the pupils. Dewey criticized instructors and the current instruction system for protecting pupils excessively closely and non allowing them travel out into the existent universe so they could bloom stating, â€Å" the state of affairs approaches larning to swim without traveling excessively near the H2O † ( The Relation of Theory to Practice, Dewey ) . For Dewey, a instructor ‘s occupation was more about being a facilitator to the pupils, assisting them discover what they were interested in and so making ways for them to actively ‘do ‘ these things. Ultimately for Dewey, larning grounded in ex perience combined with capable affair that was interesting and applicable to the pupil would take to a greater society. I think that both good and bad semen from John Dewey ‘s thoughts for instruction. First off, I like Dewey ‘s motion off from learning manners that stressed merely memorisation and the regurgitation of facts. Hands-on experience is a proved manner for pupils to larn. It is much more gratifying for the pupil and seems to be straight applicable to their hereafter. I besides agree with Dewey ‘s position that pupils should larn about something that involvements them. Stuffing facts that childs do non hold any desire to larn down their pharynxs is non good to anyone. When pupils can really link with the stuff they are larning, they are more likely to set in the clip and attempt that is necessary to to the full develop their cognition and apprehension of a topic. Lastly, I believe that it ‘s a good thought to concentrate your surveies in one peculiar country as it is really hard to get the hang a battalion of topics. I think it ‘s better to be highly adept in o ne topic than to hold an mean sum of cognition in multiple topics. This manner, everyone can pick an country of survey that involvements them and so, as a community, each individual can convey their one alone country of expertness to the tabular array and the remainder of the people that are n't as fluent in that topic can profit. With that being said, I think the preceding rules need to be applied in moderateness. While memorisation and repeat is non a perfect signifier of instruction, the consequences are difficult to reason with. I believe that there is something to be said for get the hanging a topic. For illustration, my major country of survey is accounting. It is one thing for me to acquire custodies on experience straight applicable to my major, but larning can non merely come through â€Å" playing † so to talk. I must first analyze all the foundational information that is out at that place. There are many people in the universe that are much more knowing on the topic than me and there are a batch of valuable things I can larn from them. Second, to be a successful comptroller, there are other nucleus topics that I must be competent in. For case, I need to be knowing in English to be able to pass on with my coworkers and I need to cognize math so I am able to calculate the expression required in accounting. There is a proved value in holding a rounded instruction. Learning about topics that may non straight use to your country of survey can profit you in many different ways. As an illustration, possibly it could sharpen your critical thought accomplishments. And on top of that, a pupil might believe they are non interested in a certain topic until they really take a category and larn about it. Hard work and long hours spent in the library-sometimes memorizing rules and formulas-is necessary for me to be a maestro of accounting, although I may non bask that work. To me, Dewey ‘s instruction system seems to promote jumping the chief class and traveling consecutive to dessert. I believe that I foremost need to get the hang the rules of accounting in order to merit a shooting of traveling out into the existent universe and really â€Å" making † accounting. Dewey stayed true to his matter-of-fact ideals by proving out his ain instruction theories in a real-life environment. He created what became to be known as his really ain â€Å" laboratory school. † Dewey ‘s school was radically different than any other of its clip. The pupils did non sit at desks and listen to a teacher talk or make homework jobs out of a text edition. Alternatively they would be traveling about the schoolroom making changing physical activities, such as run uping or cooking. As I stated earlier, Dewey believed that pupils could larn the critical accomplishments ( math and scientific discipline for illustration ) that they needed by making these types of activities alternatively of the more traditional â€Å" analyzing the text edition † method. The kids were broken down by age and every different age group was ever making something different. Dewey had the childs traveling on field trips, edifice theoretical accounts, moving out dramas, and pla ying games among many other â€Å" active † things. He preached that instructors should keep off on holding childs do things like reading and composing until the pupil found it necessary and appealing to make so ( Dewey Article, Enotes ) . Dewey ‘s school had its successes and failures and there is a batch that can be taken away his expansive â€Å" experiment. † While I do acknowledge that a batch of great instruction patterns were foremost developed at Dewey ‘s laboratory school, I can non assist but detect the cardinal defects that existed in it. If I was to use what Dewey showcased in his school to today ‘s universe of instruction, I think his system would neglect. The ground for this is first that Dewey seemed to be looking at instruction through â€Å" rose coloured spectacless † so to talk. In my sentiment, a theory on instruction should be able to use to any state of affairs. I think about what Dewey had put together in his school, where the place life was to a great extent incorporated into the category course of study. But, what about kids that come from broken places, as we see so frequently in today ‘s society? If a kid is being abused or enduring under the ticker of alcoholic parents, who could care less about their kid ‘s instruction, how would that suit into Dewey ‘s system? Dewey ‘s s chool would likely work good in a instance where a kid has really supportive parents that are highly interested in their kid ‘s instruction, but how frequently is that non the instance in today ‘s universe? Henry Perkinson, an writer and pedagogue at New York University, makes a remark about Dewey ‘s lab school stating, â€Å" Dewey ‘s educational doctrine depicts a school or school endeavor that ne'er existed and likely ne'er could be. To transport it out would necessitate superteachers and superstudents † ( Perkinson, ) . While I believe Dewey is taking instruction in the right way, I think he foremost needs to happen a manner to develop a theory on instruction that can use to each and every pupil. Another country that I merely ca n't hold with Dewey in is how he resorts to see as the primary manner for a pupil to larn. Without a uncertainty, I believe that his method of enquiry can add a batch to a pupil ‘s instruction. In his school, the childs were making so many astonishing things that I wish I could hold done in my old ages as a immature male child. But, looking at the large image, there seems to be so many things that a kid must larn over their life-time that they can non perchance detect and â€Å" make † everything. Yes, you can larn math when mensurating out the flour required to bake a bar, but can that signifier of math be applied to everything? There are other things out in the universe like mensurating liquids or numbering coins. How would one kid have the clip and the agencies to see every individual thing? I think that at some point, pupils will necessitate to utilize some signifier of memorisation of information or facts as a footing of cognition th at they can so utilize to larn about other things. A quotation mark from a parent that had a kid in Dewey ‘s school truly sums up this job stating, â€Å" We have to learn him how to analyze. He learned to ‘observe ‘ last twelvemonth † ( Storr, ) . I think that Dewey had the right thought, but he had everything backwards. First, the pupil should larn a foundation of cognition, from something like a text edition, and so they can travel out and experiment and use that cognition to existent mundane state of affairss. John Dewey was a great philosopher that made ground-breaking progresss in instruction. He was a adult male that practiced what he preached and for that I have great regard. I do like Dewey ‘s thoughts in doses. In the terminal, I think that a good balance of his â€Å" experiential acquisition † in combination with a disciplined survey of information and text edition is the best signifier of instruction. While his thoughts did hold their defects, the way that he took American instruction was for the better.